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This paper explores the implicit bias of overparameterized neural networks of depth greater than two layers. Our framework considers a family of networks of varying depth that all have the same capacity but different implicitly defined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Greg Ongie , Rebecca Willett

Although neural networks (NNs) with ReLU activation functions have found success in a wide range of applications, their adoption in risk-sensitive settings has been limited by the concerns on robustness and interpretability. Previous works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Shaojie Xu , Joel Vaughan , Jie Chen , Aijun Zhang , Agus Sudjianto

Neural networks have demonstrated a wide range of successes, but their ``black box" nature raises concerns about transparency and reliability. Previous research on ReLU networks has sought to unwrap these networks into linear models based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Seongwoo Lim , Won Jo , Joohyung Lee , Jaesik Choi

Convergence of deep neural networks as the depth of the networks tends to infinity is fundamental in building the mathematical foundation for deep learning. In a previous study, we investigated this question for deep ReLU networks with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Yuesheng Xu , Haizhang Zhang

Understanding the properties of the parameter space in feed-forward ReLU networks is critical for effectively analyzing and guiding training dynamics. After initialization, training under gradient flow decisively restricts the parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Marco Nurisso , Pierrick Leroy , Giovanni Petri , Francesco Vaccarino

The input space of a neural network with ReLU-like activations is partitioned into multiple linear regions, each corresponding to a specific activation pattern of the included ReLU-like activations. We demonstrate that this partition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Fengxiang He , Shiye Lei , Jianmin Ji , Dacheng Tao

One common function class in machine learning is the class of ReLU neural networks. ReLU neural networks induce a piecewise linear decomposition of their input space called the canonical polyhedral complex. It has previously been…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-01-24 Robyn Brooks , Marissa Masden

The paper briefy reviews several recent results on hierarchical architectures for learning from examples, that may formally explain the conditions under which Deep Convolutional Neural Networks perform much better in function approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Hrushikesh Mhaskar , Tomaso Poggio

Despite their prevalence in neural networks we still lack a thorough theoretical characterization of ReLU layers. This paper aims to further our understanding of ReLU layers by studying how the activation function ReLU interacts with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Sören Dittmer , Emily J. King , Peter Maass

Parameter space is not function space for neural network architectures. This fact, investigated as early as the 1990s under terms such as ``reverse engineering," or ``parameter identifiability", has led to the natural question of parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Pranavkrishnan Ramakrishnan

We apply neural nets with ReLU gates in online reinforcement learning. Our goal is to train these networks in an incremental manner, without the computationally expensive experience replay. By studying how individual neural nodes behave in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Sina Ghiassian , Huizhen Yu , Banafsheh Rafiee , Richard S. Sutton

We address the problem of determining correspondences between two images in agreement with a geometric model such as an affine or thin-plate spline transformation, and estimating its parameters. The contributions of this work are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-17 Ignacio Rocco , Relja Arandjelović , Josef Sivic

This paper introduces a class of mixed-integer formulations for trained ReLU neural networks. The approach balances model size and tightness by partitioning node inputs into a number of groups and forming the convex hull over the partitions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-22 Calvin Tsay , Jan Kronqvist , Alexander Thebelt , Ruth Misener

This paper proposes a novel regularization approach to bias Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) toward utilizing edge and line features in their hidden layers. Rather than learning arbitrary kernels, we constrain the convolution layers to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Christoph Linse , Beatrice Brückner , Thomas Martinetz

We propose and analyze a new family of algorithms for training neural networks with ReLU activations. Our algorithms are based on the technique of alternating minimization: estimating the activation patterns of each ReLU for all given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Gauri Jagatap , Chinmay Hegde

We study the computation complexity of deep ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) neural networks for the approximation of functions from the H\"older-Zygmund space of mixed smoothness defined on the $d$-dimensional unit cube when the dimension $d$…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Dinh Dũng , Van Kien Nguyen

Real networks often form interacting parts of larger and more complex systems. Examples can be found in different domains, ranging from the Internet to structural and functional brain networks. Here, we show that these multiplex systems are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-09-11 Kaj-Kolja Kleineberg , Marian Boguna , M. Angeles Serrano , Fragkiskos Papadopoulos

Overparameterized fully-connected neural networks have been shown to behave like kernel models when trained with gradient descent, under mild conditions on the width, the learning rate, and the parameter initialization. In the limit of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 William St-Arnaud , Margarida Carvalho , Golnoosh Farnadi

We introduce a new framework for the exact point-wise $\ell_p$ robustness verification problem that exploits the layer-wise geometric structure of deep feed-forward networks with rectified linear activations (ReLU networks). The activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Cong Han Lim , Raquel Urtasun , Ersin Yumer

We provide a theoretical explanation of the role of the number of nodes at each layer in deep neural networks. We prove that the largest variation of a deep neural network with ReLU activation function arises when the layer with the fewest…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-11 Yongdai Kim , Dongha Kim