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In this study, we propose a three-stage training approach of neural networks for both photometric redshift estimation of galaxies and detection of out-of-distribution (OOD) objects. Our approach comprises supervised and unsupervised…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-04 Joongoo Lee , Min-Su Shin

Our work investigates out-of-distribution (OOD) detection as a neural network output explanation problem. We learn a heatmap representation for detecting OOD images while visualizing in- and out-of-distribution image regions at the same…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Julia Hornauer , Vasileios Belagiannis

Multi-class novelty detection is increasingly becoming an important area of research due to the continuous increase in the number of object categories. It tries to answer the pertinent question: given a test sample, should we even try to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Supritam Bhattacharjee , Devraj Mandal , Soma Biswas

The core of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is to learn the in-distribution (ID) representation, which is distinguishable from OOD samples. Previous work applied recognition-based methods to learn the ID features, which tend to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Jingyao Li , Pengguang Chen , Shaozuo Yu , Zexin He , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

Deep neural networks have achieved great success in classification tasks during the last years. However, one major problem to the path towards artificial intelligence is the inability of neural networks to accurately detect samples from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Aristotelis-Angelos Papadopoulos , Mohammad Reza Rajati , Nazim Shaikh , Jiamian Wang

Deep learning models for image classification are typically trained under the "closed-world" assumption with a predefined set of image classes. However, when the models are deployed they may be faced with input images not belonging to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Dajana Dimitrić , Mitar Simić , Vladimir Risojević

While deep neural networks have made remarkable progress in various vision tasks, their performance typically deteriorates when tested in out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios. Many OOD methods focus on extracting domain-invariant features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Qiaowei Miao , Yawei Luo , Yi Yang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task for safe deployment of learning systems in the open world setting. In this work, we investigate the use of feature density estimation via normalizing flows for OOD detection and present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Evan D. Cook , Marc-Antoine Lavoie , Steven L. Waslander

In open-world scenarios, where both novel classes and domains may exist, an ideal segmentation model should detect anomaly classes for safety and generalize to new domains. However, existing methods often struggle to distinguish between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Zhitong Gao , Bingnan Li , Mathieu Salzmann , Xuming He

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a cornerstone for the safe deployment of AI systems in the open world. However, existing methods treat OOD detection as a binary classification problem, a cognitive flattening that fails to distinguish…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Ningkang Peng , Yuzhe Mao , Yuhao Zhang , Linjin Qian , Qianfeng Yu , Yanhui Gu , Yi Chen , Li Kong

Recent works on predictive uncertainty estimation have shown promising results on Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) detection for semantic segmentation. However, these methods struggle to precisely locate the point of interest in the image, i.e,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Victor Besnier , Andrei Bursuc , David Picard , Alexandre Briot

Supervised learning aims to train a classifier under the assumption that training and test data are from the same distribution. To ease the above assumption, researchers have studied a more realistic setting: out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Zhen Fang , Yixuan Li , Jie Lu , Jiahua Dong , Bo Han , Feng Liu

The automatic detection of skin diseases via dermoscopic images can improve the efficiency in diagnosis and help doctors make more accurate judgments. However, conventional skin disease recognition systems may produce high confidence for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Zhongzheng Huang , Tao Wang , Yuanzheng Cai , Lingyu Liang

In addition to accurate scene understanding through precise semantic segmentation of LiDAR point clouds, detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) objects, instances not encountered during training, is essential to prevent the incorrect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Hanieh Shojaei Miandashti , Claus Brenner

Neural networks are known to produce over-confident predictions on input images, even when these images are out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. This limits the applications of neural network models in real-world scenarios, where OOD samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Ke Fan , Yikai Wang , Qian Yu , Da Li , Yanwei Fu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an important building block in trustworthy image recognition systems as unknown classes may arise at test-time. OOD detection methods typically revolve around a single classifier, leading to a split in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Galadrielle Humblot-Renaux , Gianni Franchi , Sergio Escalera , Thomas B. Moeslund

In real world scenarios, out-of-distribution (OOD) datasets may have a large distributional shift from training datasets. This phenomena generally occurs when a trained classifier is deployed on varying dynamic environments, which causes a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-08 Harshita Boonlia , Tanmoy Dam , Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Sreenatha G. Anavatti , Ankan Mullick

Deep learning-based approaches have produced models with good insect classification accuracy; Most of these models are conducive for application in controlled environmental conditions. One of the primary emphasis of researchers is to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Mojdeh Saadati , Aditya Balu , Shivani Chiranjeevi , Talukder Zaki Jubery , Asheesh K Singh , Soumik Sarkar , Arti Singh , Baskar Ganapathysubramanian

Exploring new knowledge is a fundamental human ability that can be mirrored in the development of deep neural networks, especially in the field of object detection. Open world object detection (OWOD) is an emerging area of research that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yiming Li , Yi Wang , Wenqian Wang , Dan Lin , Bingbing Li , Kim-Hui Yap

High-performing out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, both anomaly and novel class, is an important prerequisite for the practical use of classification models. In this paper, we focus on the species recognition task in images concerned with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 L. E. Hogeweg , R. Gangireddy , D. Brunink , V. J. Kalkman , L. Cornelissen , J. W. Kamminga