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5G sets the foundation for an era of creativity with its faster speeds, increased data throughput, reduced latency, and enhanced IoT connectivity, all enabled by Massive MIMO (M-MIMO) technology. M-MIMO boosts network efficiency and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Muhammad Kamran Saeed , Ashfaq Khokhar

Cell-free massive MIMO systems are currently being considered as potential enablers of future (6G) technologies for wireless communications. By combining distributed processing and massive MIMO, they are expected to deliver improved user…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Raphael M. Guedes , José F. de Rezende , Valmir C. Barbosa

Pilot contamination is a critical issue in distributed massive MIMO networks, where the reuse of pilot sequences due to limited availability of orthogonal pilots for channel estimation leads to performance degradation. In this work, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Mohd Saif Ali Khan , Samar Agnihotri , Karthik R. M

We consider Internet of Things (IoT) organized on the principles of cell-free massive MIMO. Since the number of things is very large, orthogonal pilots cannot be assigned to all of them even if the things are stationary. This results in an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-19 Shilpa Rao , Alexei Ashikhmin , Hong Yang

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication is a promising technology for increasing spectral efficiency in wireless networks. Two of the main challenges massive MIMO systems face are degraded channel estimation accuracy due…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-18 Shahar S. Ioushua , Yonina C. Eldar

This work concerns wireless cellular networks applying massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. In such a system, the base station in a given cell is equipped with a very large number (hundreds or even thousands) of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-22 Jesper H. Sørensen , Elisabeth de Carvalho

Massive multiple input multiple output (M-MIMO) technology plays a pivotal role in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond communication systems, offering a wide range of benefits, from increased spectral efficiency (SE) to enhanced energy…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Muhammad Kamran Saeed , Ashfaq Khokhar , Shakil Ahmed

Massive MIMO communication systems have been identified as one of the most prominent technologies of the next generation wireless standards, such as 5G, due to the large gains in energy and spectral efficiency that can be achieved. In the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-04 Jose Carlos Marinello , Taufik Abrao

A massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, which utilizes a large number of antennas at the base station (BS) to serve multiple users, suffers from pilot contamination due to inter-cell interference. A smart pilot assignment…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Xudong Zhu , Zhaocheng Wang , Linglong Dai , Chen Qian

Pilot contamination, defined as the interference during the channel estimation process due to reusing the same pilot sequences in neighboring cells, can severely degrade the performance of massive multiple-input multiple-output systems. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-05 L. Srikar Muppirisetty , Themistoklis Charalambous , Johnny Karout , Gabor Fodor , Henk Wymeersch

Pilot contamination is a limiting factor in multicell massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems because it can severely impair channel estimation. Prior works have suggested coordinating pilot design across cells in order to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Kaiming Shen , Hei Victor Cheng , Xihan Chen , Yonina C. Eldar , Wei Yu

This paper presents a new approach to intra-cell pilot contamination in crowded massive MIMO scenarios. The approach relies on two essential properties of a massive MIMO system, namely near-orthogonality between user channels and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-22 Jesper H. Sørensen , Elisabeth de Carvalho , Petar Popovski

Pilot contamination, caused by the reuse of pilots among interfering cells, remains as a significant obstacle that limits the performance of massive multi-input multi-output antenna systems. To handle this problem, less aggressive reuse of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Jy-yong Sohn , Sung Whan Yoon , Jaekyun Moon

In this paper, we look into the issue of intra-cell uplink (UL) pilot orthogonalization and schemes for mitigating the inter-cell pilot contamination with a realistic massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-27 Xiliang Luo , Xiaoyu Zhang , Hua Qian , Kai Kang

Pilot contamination is known to be one of the main impairments for massive MIMO multi-cell communications. Inspired by the concept of fractional frequency reuse and by recent contributions on pilot reutilization among non-adjacent cells, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Italo Atzeni , Jesús Arnau , Mérouane Debbah

A massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, which utilizes a large number of base station (BS) antennas to serve a set of users, suffers from pilot contamination due to the inter-cell interference (ICI). In this letter, a graph…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Xudong Zhu , Linglong Dai , Zhaocheng Wang

Massive MIMO systems, where the base stations are equipped with hundreds of antenna elements, are an attractive way to attain unprecedented spectral efficiency in future wireless networks. In the "classical" massive MIMO setting, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-08 Elisabeth de Carvalho , Emil Bjornson , Erik G. Larsson , Petar Popovski

We propose a novel location-aware pilot assignment scheme to mitigate pilot contamination in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks, where the channels are subjected to Rician fading. Our proposed scheme utilizes the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Noman Akbar , Shihao Yan , Nan Yang , Jinhong Yuan

Pilot contamination remains a major bottleneck in realizing the full potential of distributed massive MIMO systems. We propose two dynamic and scalable pilot assignment schemes designed for practical deployment in such networks. First, we…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mohd Saif Ali Khan , Karthik RM , Samar Agnihotri

This letter focuses on the pilot contamination problem in the uplink and downlink of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output networks with different degrees of cooperation between access points. The optimum minimum mean square…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Alberto Alvarez Polegre , Luca Sanguinetti , Ana Garcia Armada
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