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This paper studies the fundamental problem of multi-layer generator models in learning hierarchical representations. The multi-layer generator model that consists of multiple layers of latent variables organized in a top-down architecture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jiali Cui , Ying Nian Wu , Tian Han

Energy-based models (EBMs) are powerful probabilistic models, but suffer from intractable sampling and density evaluation due to the partition function. As a result, inference in EBMs relies on approximate sampling algorithms, leading to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Dieterich Lawson , George Tucker , Bo Dai , Rajesh Ranganath

Continual learning has become essential in many practical applications such as online news summaries and product classification. The primary challenge is known as catastrophic forgetting, a phenomenon where a model inadvertently discards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Xiaodi Li , Dingcheng Li , Rujun Gao , Mahmoud Zamani , Latifur Khan

This paper studies a curious phenomenon in learning energy-based model (EBM) using MCMC. In each learning iteration, we generate synthesized examples by running a non-convergent, non-mixing, and non-persistent short-run MCMC toward the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-27 Erik Nijkamp , Mitch Hill , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

This paper studies the fundamental learning problem of the energy-based model (EBM). Learning the EBM can be achieved using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), which typically involves the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Jiali Cui , Tian Han

A crucial design decision for any robot learning pipeline is the choice of policy representation: what type of model should be used to generate the next set of robot actions? Owing to the inherent multi-modal nature of many robotic tasks,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Sumeet Singh , Stephen Tu , Vikas Sindhwani

Consider learning a policy purely on the basis of demonstrated behavior -- that is, with no access to reinforcement signals, no knowledge of transition dynamics, and no further interaction with the environment. This *strictly batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-15 Daniel Jarrett , Ioana Bica , Mihaela van der Schaar

We introduce the Generalized Energy Based Model (GEBM) for generative modelling. These models combine two trained components: a base distribution (generally an implicit model), which can learn the support of data with low intrinsic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-22 Michael Arbel , Liang Zhou , Arthur Gretton

Model-based planning holds great promise for improving both sample efficiency and generalization in reinforcement learning (RL). We show that energy-based models (EBMs) are a promising class of models to use for model-based planning. EBMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Yilun Du , Toru Lin , Igor Mordatch

As a class of fruitful approaches, diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have shown excellent advantages in high-resolution image reconstruction. On the other hand, masked autoencoders (MAEs), as popular self-supervised vision learners,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Zhiyuan Ma , zhihuan yu , Jianjun Li , Bowen Zhou

We study a new approach to learning energy-based models (EBMs) based on adversarial training (AT). We show that (binary) AT learns a special kind of energy function that models the support of the data distribution, and the learning process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Xuwang Yin , Shiying Li , Gustavo K. Rohde

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful medical imaging modality, but long acquisition times limit throughput, patient comfort, and clinical accessibility. Diffusion-based generative models serve as strong image priors for reducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Sriram Ravula , Brett Levac , Yamin Arefeen , Ajil Jalal , Alexandros G. Dimakis , Jonathan I. Tamir

Implicit policies parameterized by generative models, such as Diffusion Policy, have become the standard for policy learning and Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models in robotics. However, these approaches often suffer from high computational…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Travis Davies , Yiqi Huang , Alexi Gladstone , Yunxin Liu , Xiang Chen , Heng Ji , Huxian Liu , Luhui Hu

Since their introduction, diffusion models have quickly become the prevailing approach to generative modeling in many domains. They can be interpreted as learning the gradients of a time-varying sequence of log-probability density…

This work presents strategies to learn an Energy-Based Model (EBM) according to the desired length of its MCMC sampling trajectories. MCMC trajectories of different lengths correspond to models with different purposes. Our experiments cover…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-25 Mitch Hill , Jonathan Mitchell , Chu Chen , Yuan Du , Mubarak Shah , Song-Chun Zhu

Energy-based models (EBMs) offer a flexible framework for probabilistic modelling across various data domains. However, training EBMs on data in discrete or mixed state spaces poses significant challenges due to the lack of robust and fast…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-03 Tobias Schröder , Zijing Ou , Yingzhen Li , Andrew B. Duncan

In this paper, we focus on the problem of integrating Energy-based Models (EBM) as guiding priors for motion optimization. EBMs are a set of neural networks that can represent expressive probability density distributions in terms of a Gibbs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Julen Urain , An T. Le , Alexander Lambert , Georgia Chalvatzaki , Byron Boots , Jan Peters

We introduce Efficient Motion Diffusion Model (EMDM) for fast and high-quality human motion generation. Current state-of-the-art generative diffusion models have produced impressive results but struggle to achieve fast generation without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Wenyang Zhou , Zhiyang Dou , Zeyu Cao , Zhouyingcheng Liao , Jingbo Wang , Wenjia Wang , Yuan Liu , Taku Komura , Wenping Wang , Lingjie Liu

Diffusion models have emerged as effective distribution estimators in vision, language, and reinforcement learning, but their use as priors in downstream tasks poses an intractable posterior inference problem. This paper studies amortized…

Score-based generative models have recently achieved remarkable success. While they are usually parameterized by the score, an alternative way is to use a series of time-dependent energy-based models (EBMs), where the score is obtained from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-22 RuiKang OuYang , Louis Grenioux , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato