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Phishing attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, underscoring the need for detection systems that strike a balance between high accuracy and computational efficiency. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Jikesh Thapa , Gurrehmat Chahal , Serban Voinea Gabreanu , Yazan Otoum

Nowadays, numerous applications incorporate machine learning (ML) algorithms due to their prominent achievements. However, many studies in the field of computer vision have shown that ML can be fooled by intentionally crafted instances,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Islam Debicha , Benjamin Cochez , Tayeb Kenaza , Thibault Debatty , Jean-Michel Dricot , Wim Mees

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising phishing detection mechanism, addressing the limitations of traditional deep learning-based detectors, including poor generalization to previously unseen websites and a lack of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Fujiao Ji , Doowon Kim

Machine learning (ML), especially deep learning (DL) techniques have been increasingly used in anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). However, ML/DL has shown to be extremely vulnerable to adversarial attacks, especially…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Dongqi Han , Zhiliang Wang , Ying Zhong , Wenqi Chen , Jiahai Yang , Shuqiang Lu , Xingang Shi , Xia Yin

Magecart skimming attacks have emerged as a significant threat to client-side security and user trust in online payment systems. This paper addresses the challenge of achieving robust and explainable detection of Magecart attacks through a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Pedro Pereira , José Gouveia , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Recently, advances in deep learning have been observed in various fields, including computer vision, natural language processing, and cybersecurity. Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated its ability as a potential tool for anomaly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-31 D'Jeff Kanda Nkashama , Arian Soltani , Jean-Charles Verdier , Marc Frappier , Pierre-Martin Tardif , Froduald Kabanza

Browsers often include security features to detect phishing web pages. In the past, some browsers evaluated an unknown URL for inclusion in a list of known phishing pages. However, as the number of URLs and known phishing pages continued to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Pranav Maneriker , Jack W. Stokes , Edir Garcia Lazo , Diana Carutasu , Farid Tajaddodianfar , Arun Gururajan

Deep networks are well-known to be fragile to adversarial attacks. We conduct an empirical analysis of deep representations under the state-of-the-art attack method called PGD, and find that the attack causes the internal representation to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Chengzhi Mao , Ziyuan Zhong , Junfeng Yang , Carl Vondrick , Baishakhi Ray

Phishing attacks continue to be a significant threat on the Internet. Prior studies show that it is possible to determine whether a website is phishing or not just by analyzing its URL more carefully. A major advantage of the URL based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Harshal Tupsamudre , Sparsh Jain , Sachin Lodha

The state-of-the-art predictive maintenance (PdM) techniques have shown great success in reducing maintenance costs and downtime of complicated machines while increasing overall productivity through extensive utilization of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Ayesha Siddique , Ripan Kumar Kundu , Gautam Raj Mode , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

Phishing attacks continue to evolve, with cloaking techniques posing a significant challenge to detection efforts. Cloaking allows attackers to display phishing sites only to specific users while presenting legitimate pages to security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hiroki Nakano , Takashi Koide , Daiki Chiba

Phishing is one of the most severe cyber-attacks where researchers are interested to find a solution. In phishing, attackers lure end-users and steal their personal in-formation. To minimize the damage caused by phishing must be detected as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-07 P. Kalaharsha , B. M. Mehtre

With the recent advancements in machine learning (ML), numerous ML-based approaches have been extensively applied in software analytics tasks to streamline software development and maintenance processes. Nevertheless, studies indicate that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 MD Abdul Awal , Mrigank Rochan , Chanchal K. Roy

Machine learning is a key tool for Android malware detection, effectively identifying malicious patterns in apps. However, ML-based detectors are vulnerable to evasion attacks, where small, crafted changes bypass detection. Despite progress…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Mostafa Jafari , Alireza Shameli-Sendi

Decision-based attacks construct adversarial examples against a machine learning (ML) model by making only hard-label queries. These attacks have mainly been applied directly to standalone neural networks. However, in practice, ML models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Chawin Sitawarin , Florian Tramèr , Nicholas Carlini

With the rapid development of large language models, the potential threat of their malicious use, particularly in generating phishing content, is becoming increasingly prevalent. Leveraging the capabilities of LLMs, malicious users can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yan Pang , Wenlong Meng , Xiaojing Liao , Tianhao Wang

Developments in artificial intelligence (AI) are likely to affect social engineering and change cyber defense operations. The broad and sweeping nature of AI impact means that many aspects of social engineering could be automated,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Krystal A. Jackson

Machine learning malware detectors are vulnerable to adversarial EXEmples, i.e., carefully-crafted Windows programs tailored to evade detection. Unlike other adversarial problems, attacks in this context must be functionality-preserving, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Marco Rando , Luca Demetrio , Lorenzo Rosasco , Fabio Roli

Phishing websites remain a significant cybersecurity threat, necessitating accurate and cost-effective detection mechanisms. In this paper, we present CLASP, a novel system that effectively identifies phishing websites by leveraging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Fouad Trad , Ali Chehab

Social media platforms are plagued by harmful content such as hate speech, misinformation, and extremist rhetoric. Machine learning (ML) models are widely adopted to detect such content; however, they remain highly vulnerable to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yidong Chai , Yi Liu , Mohammadreza Ebrahimi , Weifeng Li , Balaji Padmanabhan