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We present a novel hierarchical graphical model based context-aware hybrid brain-machine interface (hBMI) using probabilistic fusion of electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) activities. Based on experimental data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Ozan Ozdenizci , Sezen Yagmur Gunay , Fernando Quivira , Deniz Erdogmus

Electroencephalography (EEG) interpretation using multimodal large language models (MLLMs) offers a novel approach for analyzing brain signals. However, the complex nature of brain activity introduces critical challenges: EEG signals…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Ziyi Zeng , Zhenyang Cai , Yixi Cai , Xidong Wang , Junying Chen , Rongsheng Wang , Yipeng Liu , Siqi Cai , Benyou Wang , Zhiguo Zhang , Haizhou Li

Event-related potential (ERP), a specialized paradigm of electroencephalographic (EEG), reflects neurological responses to external stimuli or events, generally associated with the brain's processing of specific cognitive tasks. ERP plays a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yihe Wang , Zhiqiao Kang , Bohan Chen , Yu Zhang , Xiang Zhang

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used, non-invasive method for capturing brain activity, and is particularly relevant for applications in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). However, collecting high-quality EEG data remains a major…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-22 Henrique de Lima Alexandre , Clodoaldo Aparecido de Moraes Lima

The development of EEG decoding algorithms confronts challenges such as data sparsity, subject variability, and the need for precise annotations, all of which are vital for advancing brain-computer interfaces and enhancing the diagnosis of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-15 Zirui Wang , Zhenxi Song , Yi Guo , Yuxin Liu , Guoyang Xu , Min Zhang , Zhiguo Zhang

Electroencephalography (EEG) plays a significant role in the Brain Computer Interface (BCI) domain, due to its non-invasive nature, low cost, and ease of use, making it a highly desirable option for widespread adoption by the general…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-13 Giulio Tosato , Cesare M. Dalbagno , Francesco Fumagalli

Epilepsy, affecting approximately 50 million people globally, is characterized by abnormal brain activity and remains challenging to treat. The diagnosis of epilepsy relies heavily on electroencephalogram (EEG) data, where specialists…

Accurate fMRI analysis requires sensitivity to temporal structure across multiple scales, as BOLD signals encode cognitive processes that emerge from fast transient dynamics to slower, large-scale fluctuations. Existing deep learning (DL)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Furkan Genç , Boran İsmet Macun , Sait Sarper Özaslan , Emine U. Saritas , Tolga Çukur

In recent years, with the development of deep learning, electroencephalogram (EEG) classification networks have achieved certain progress. Transformer-based models can perform well in capturing long-term dependencies in EEG signals.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Yiyu Gui , MingZhi Chen , Yuqi Su , Guibo Luo , Yuchao Yang

Unlike conventional data such as natural images, audio and speech, raw multi-channel Electroencephalogram (EEG) data are difficult to interpret. Modern deep neural networks have shown promising results in EEG studies, however finding robust…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-22 Nikesh Bajaj , Jesús Requena Carrión , Francesco Bellotti

Working memory (WM), denoting the information temporally stored in the mind, is a fundamental research topic in the field of human cognition. Electroencephalograph (EEG), which can monitor the electrical activity of the brain, has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Junfu Chen , Sirui Li , Dechang Pi

This work explores the potential of foundation models, specifically a Mamba-based selective state space model, for enhancing EEG analysis in neurological disorder diagnosis. EEG, crucial for diagnosing conditions like epilepsy, presents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Saarang Panchavati , Corey Arnold , William Speier

Electroencephalography (EEG) serves as an effective diagnostic tool for mental disorders and neurological abnormalities. Enhanced analysis and classification of EEG signals can help improve detection performance. A new approach is examined…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-11 Lubna Shibly Mokatren , Rashid Ansari , Ahmet Enis Cetin , Alex D Leow , Heide Klumpp , Olusola Ajilore , Fatos Yarman Vural

Evaluating foundation models under appropriate adaptation settings is essential for understanding the quality and transferability of the learned representations. Recent EEG foundation models have demonstrated promising transfer capabilities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aditya Kommineni , Emily Zhou , Kleanthis Avramidis , Tiantian Feng , Shrikanth Narayanan

Traits are patterns of brain signals and behaviors that are stable over time but differ across individuals, whereas states are phasic patterns that vary over time, are influenced by the environment, yet oscillate around the traits. The…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-20 Qianying Wu , Shigeki Nakauchi , Mohammad Shehata , Shinsuke Shimojo

Depression disorder is a serious health condition that has affected the lives of millions of people around the world. Diagnosis of depression is a challenging practice that relies heavily on subjective studies and, in most cases, suffers…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-26 Amir Nassibi , Christos Papavassiliou , Ildar Rakhmatulin , Danilo Mandic , S. Farokh Atashzar

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition plays a critical role in affective computing and emerging decision-support systems, yet remains challenging due to high-dimensional, noisy, and subject-dependent signals. This study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 S M Rakib UI Karim , Wenyi Lu , Diponkor Bala , Rownak Ara Rasul , Sean Goggins

We propose CHARM, a method for training a single neural network across inconsistent input channels. Our work is motivated by Electroencephalography (EEG), where data collection protocols from different headsets result in varying channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-27 Aaqib Saeed , David Grangier , Olivier Pietquin , Neil Zeghidour

In this paper, we analyze electroencephalograms (EEG) which are recordings of brain electrical activity. We develop new clustering methods for identifying synchronized brain regions, where the EEGs show similar oscillations or waveforms…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-29 Tianbo Chen , Ying Sun , Carolina Euan , Hernando Ombao

MEG and EEG are noninvasive functional neuroimaging techniques that provide recordings of brain activity with high temporal resolution, and thus provide a unique window to study fast time-scale neural dynamics in humans. However, the…

Applications · Statistics 2015-11-13 Camilo Lamus , Matti S. Hamalainen , Emery N. Brown , Patrick L. Purdon