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Large language models (LLMs) and vision language models (VLMs) demonstrate excellent performance on a wide range of tasks by scaling up parameter counts from O(10^9) to O(10^{12}) levels and further beyond. These large scales make it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yaqing Wang , Jialin Wu , Tanmaya Dabral , Jiageng Zhang , Geoff Brown , Chun-Ta Lu , Frederick Liu , Yi Liang , Bo Pang , Michael Bendersky , Radu Soricut

Large pre-trained models achieve remarkable performance in vision tasks but are impractical for fine-tuning due to high computational and storage costs. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods mitigate this issue by updating only a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Siqi Luo , Haoran Yang , Yi Xin , Mingyang Yi , Guangyang Wu , Guangtao Zhai , Xiaohong Liu

The "pre-training then fine-tuning (FT)" paradigm is widely adopted to boost the model performance of deep learning-based methods for medical volumetric segmentation. However, conventional full FT incurs high computational and memory costs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Jiachen Shen , Wenxuan Wang , Chen Chen , Jianbo Jiao , Jing Liu , Yan Zhang , Shanshan Song , Jiangyun Li

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) reduces the training cost of full-parameter fine-tuning for large language models (LLMs) by training only a small set of task-specific parameters while freezing the pretrained backbone. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xianming Li , Zongxi Li , Tsz-fung Andrew Lee , Jing Li , Haoran Xie , Qing Li

Existing parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods primarily fall into two categories: addition-based and selective in-situ adaptation. The former, such as LoRA, introduce additional modules to adapt the model to downstream tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zhi Zhang , Yixian Shen , Congfeng Cao , Ekaterina Shutova

Driven by the rapid growth of model parameters, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become essential for adapting large models to diverse downstream tasks under constrained computational resources. Within this paradigm, orthogonal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Fei Wu , Jia Hu , Geyong Min , Shiqiang Wang

Prompt Tuning (PT) enables the adaptation of Pre-trained Large Language Models (PLMs) to downstream tasks by optimizing a small amount of soft virtual tokens, which are prepended to the input token embeddings. Recently, Decomposed Prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Pengwei Tang , Xiaolin Hu , Yong Liu

Prompt tuning is a promising method to fine-tune a pre-trained language model without retraining its large-scale parameters. Instead, it attaches a soft prompt to the input text, whereby downstream tasks can be well adapted by merely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Pengxiang Lan , Enneng Yang , Yuting Liu , Guibing Guo , Jianzhe Zhao , Xingwei Wang

Full fine-tuning is a popular approach to adapt Transformer-based pre-trained large language models to a specific downstream task. However, the substantial requirements for computational power and storage have discouraged its widespread…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Samir Arora , Liangliang Wang

This paper presents a robust fine-tuning method designed for pre-trained 3D point cloud models, to enhance feature robustness in downstream fine-tuned models. We highlight the limitations of current fine-tuning methods and the challenges of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Zhibo Zhang , Ximing Yang , Weizhong Zhang , Cheng Jin

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques make it possible to efficiently adapt a language model to create "expert" models that specialize to new tasks or domains. Recent techniques in model merging and compositional generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Prateek Yadav , Leshem Choshen , Colin Raffel , Mohit Bansal

Pre-trained 3D point cloud foundation models (PFMs) have demonstrated strong transferability across diverse downstream tasks. However, full fine-tuning these models is computationally expensive and storage-intensive. Parameter-efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zihao Guo , Jihua Zhu , Jian Liu , Ajmal Saeed Mian

The current modus operandi in adapting pre-trained models involves updating all the backbone parameters, ie, full fine-tuning. This paper introduces Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) as an efficient and effective alternative to full fine-tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Menglin Jia , Luming Tang , Bor-Chun Chen , Claire Cardie , Serge Belongie , Bharath Hariharan , Ser-Nam Lim

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is a popular class of techniques that strive to adapt large models in a scalable and resource-efficient manner. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their training performance and generalization remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zahra Rahimi Afzal , Tara Esmaeilbeig , Mojtaba Soltanalian , Mesrob I. Ohannessian

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) enables efficient adaptation of pre-trained language models (PLMs) to specific tasks. By tuning only a minimal set of (extra) parameters, PEFT achieves performance that is comparable to standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Lauren Hong , Ting Wang

Recent parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) techniques aim to improve over the considerable cost of fully finetuning large pretrained language models (PLM). As different PEFT techniques proliferate, it is becoming difficult to compare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Mohammed Sabry , Anya Belz

With the prevalence of pre-training-fine-tuning paradigm, how to efficiently adapt the pre-trained model to the downstream tasks has been an intriguing issue. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have been proposed for low-cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Weixi Song , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Hai Zhao , Bo Du

Adapters have been positioned as a parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approach, whereby a minimal number of parameters are added to the model and fine-tuned. However, adapters have not been sufficiently analyzed to understand if PEFT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Nandini Mundra , Sumanth Doddapaneni , Raj Dabre , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Ratish Puduppully , Mitesh M. Khapra

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, which fine-tune only a subset of model parameters, offer a promising solution by reducing the computational costs of tuning large language models (LLMs) while maintaining their performance.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 André Storhaug , Jingyue Li

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have provided an effective way for adapting large vision-language models to specific tasks or scenarios. Typically, they learn a very small scale of parameters for pre-trained models in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Zixian Guo , Yuxiang Wei , Ming Liu , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Yiwen Guo , Wangmeng Zuo
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