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Quantum many-body scar (QMBS) in kinetically constrained quantum systems challenges the conventional eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). We develop an effective open-system description for constrained dynamics and introduce the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Jia-wei Wang , Xiang-Fa Zhou , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Wei Zhou

We consider the set of all initial states within a microcanonical energy shell of an isolated many-body quantum system, which exhibit the same, arbitrary but fixed non-equilibrium expectation value for some given observable $A$. On…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-07-04 Peter Reimann

The phenomenon of quantum many-body scars (QMBS) has been studied both theoretically and experimentally, due to its unusual violation of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). In this paper, we extend the ETH to a new description…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Jia-wei Wang , Xiang-Fa Zhou , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Wei Zhou

We consider many-body quantum systems that exhibit quantum chaos, in the sense that the observables of interest act on energy eigenstates like banded random matrices. We study the time-dependent expectation values of these observables,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Mark Srednicki

Quantum thermalization describes how closed quantum systems can effectively reach thermal equilibrium, resolving the apparent incongruity between the reversibility of Schr\"odinger's equation and the second law of thermodynamics. Despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Saúl Pilatowsky-Cameo , Soonwon Choi

Statistical mechanics provides a framework for describing the physics of large, complex many-body systems using only a few macroscopic parameters to determine the state of the system. For isolated quantum many-body systems, such a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-11 Piotr Sierant , Maciej Lewenstein , Antonello Scardicchio , Lev Vidmar , Jakub Zakrzewski

We consider a quantum system with $N$ degrees of freedom which is classically chaotic. When $N$ is large, and both $\hbar$ and the quantum energy uncertainty $\Delta E$ are small, quantum chaos theory can be used to demonstrate the…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-28 Mark Srednicki

In this work we present a formalism to describe non equilibrium conditions in systems with a discretized energy spectrum, such as quantum systems. We develop a formalism based on a combination of Gibbs-Shannon entropy and information…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-07-23 Alessio Gagliardi , Alessandro Pecchia , Aldo Di Carlo

Understanding the emergence of chaos in many-body quantum systems away from semi-classical limits, particularly in spatially local interacting spin Hamiltonians, has been a long-standing problem. In these intrinsically quantum regimes,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-24 Christopher M. Langlett , Cheryne Jonay , Vedika Khemani , Joaquin F. Rodriguez-Nieva

Understanding equilibration times in closed quantum systems is essential for characterising their approach to equilibrium. Chaotic many-body systems are paradigmatic in this context: they are expected to thermalise according to the…

The nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of closed many-body systems is a rich yet challenging field. While recent progress for periodically driven (Floquet) systems has yielded a number of rigorous results, our understanding on quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-08-04 Takashi Mori , Hongzheng Zhao , Florian Mintert , Johannes Knolle , Roderich Moessner

How a closed system thermalizes, especially in the absence of global conservation laws but in the presence of disorder and interactions, is one of the central questions in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We explore this for a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-25 Soumya Bera , Ishita Modak , Roderich Moessner

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a powerful framework for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems, yet a complete and conceptually transparent derivation has remained elusive. In this work,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-23 Yucheng Wang

In this paper we study thermalization in a strongly coupled system via AdS/CFT. Initially, the energy is injected into the system by turning on a spatially homogenous scalar source coupled to a marginal composite operator. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-10-26 Bin Wu

Isolated quantum system in a pure state may be perceived as thermal if only substantially small fraction of all degrees of freedom is probed. We propose that in a chaotic quantum many-body system all states with sufficiently small energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-01-09 Anatoly Dymarsky , Hong Liu

We provide a pedagogical introduction to eigenstate thermalization. This phenomenon, which occurs in generic quantum systems, allows one to understand why thermalization takes place in isolated systems under unitary dynamics. We motivate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Rohit Patil , Marcos Rigol

We investigate the eigenstate thermalization in terms of a Hermitian operator and the complex eigenkets that follows Gaussian ensemble distribution. With the non-Hermitian open bipartite system, there are, however, some global restrictions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-09 Chen-Huan Wu

We study the heat statistics of a multi-level $N$-dimensional quantum system monitored by a sequence of projective measurements. The late-time, asymptotic properties of the heat characteristic function are analyzed in the thermodynamic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Stefano Gherardini , Guido Giachetti , Stefano Ruffo , Andrea Trombettoni

The periodically modulated Bose-Hubbard dimer model offers an experimentally realizable and highly tunable platform for observing the scrambling of quantum information and the apparent thermalisation of isolated, interacting quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-02 Ryan A. Kidd , Arghavan Safavi-Naini , Joel F. Corney

We study the thermalization of a quenched disordered Bose-Hubbard model. By considering the eigenstate distribution fluctuation, we show that the thermal to many-body localized transition is always connected to a minimum of this…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2019-03-04 Junjun Xu , Yanxing Li