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Deep neural networks are used in many state-of-the-art systems for machine perception. Once a network is trained to do a specific task, e.g., bird classification, it cannot easily be trained to do new tasks, e.g., incrementally learning to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Ronald Kemker , Marc McClure , Angelina Abitino , Tyler Hayes , Christopher Kanan

Artificial Neural Networks has struggled to devise a way to incorporate working memory into neural networks. While the ``long term'' memory can be seen as the learned weights, the working memory consists likely more of dynamical activity,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Matthew Evanusa , Cornelia Fermüller , Yiannis Aloimonos

Neural networks are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting. They fail to preserve previously acquired knowledge when adapting to new tasks. Inspired by human associative memory system, we propose a brain-like approach that imitates the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Yi Gu , Jie Li , Yuting Gao , Ruoxin Chen , Chentao Wu , Feiyang Cai , Chao Wang , Zirui Zhang

Intelligent systems must maintain and manipulate task-relevant information online to adapt to dynamic environments and changing goals. This capacity, known as working memory, is fundamental to human reasoning and intelligence. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hua-Dong Xiong , Li Ji-An , Jiaqi Huang , Robert C. Wilson , Kwonjoon Lee , Xue-Xin Wei

Human memory -- the learning of new information involves changes at the synaptic level between neurons dedicated for storage of in-formation. Generally, memory is classified as Long-Term Memory and Short-Term Memory. The various types of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-07 Qazi Emad-Ul-Haq , Muhammad Hussain , Hatim Aboalsamh , Saeed Bamatraf , Aamir Saeed Malik , Hafeez Ullah Amin

Neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting and are unable to sequentially learn new tasks without guaranteed stationarity in data distribution. Continual learning could be achieved via replay -- by concurrently training externally…

Reinforcement Learning faces an important challenge in partial observable environments that has long-term dependencies. In order to learn in an ambiguous environment, an agent has to keep previous perceptions in a memory. Earlier memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Alper Demir

In order for artificial neural networks to begin accurately mimicking biological ones, they must be able to adapt to new exigencies without forgetting what they have learned from previous training. Lifelong learning approaches to artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Gabriel Mantione-Holmes , Justin Leo , Jugal Kalita

Humans can learn in a continuous manner. Old rarely utilized knowledge can be overwritten by new incoming information while important, frequently used knowledge is prevented from being erased. In artificial learning systems, lifelong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Rahaf Aljundi , Francesca Babiloni , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Marcus Rohrbach , Tinne Tuytelaars

A lifelong learning agent is able to continually learn from potentially infinite streams of pattern sensory data. One major historic difficulty in building agents that adapt in this way is that neural systems struggle to retain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Hitesh Vaidya , Travis Desell , Alexander Ororbia

When do machine learning systems fail to generalize, and what mechanisms could improve their generalization? Here, we draw inspiration from cognitive science to argue that one weakness of parametric machine learning systems is their failure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Andrew Kyle Lampinen , Martin Engelcke , Yuxuan Li , Arslan Chaudhry , James L. McClelland

Recent breakthroughs in AI capability have been attributed to increasingly sophisticated architectures and alignment techniques, but a simpler principle may explain these advances: memory makes computation universal. Memory enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Erik Garrison

Remembering important information from the past and continuing to talk about it in the present are crucial in long-term conversations. However, previous literature does not deal with cases where the memorized information is outdated, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Sanghwan Bae , Donghyun Kwak , Soyoung Kang , Min Young Lee , Sungdong Kim , Yuin Jeong , Hyeri Kim , Sang-Woo Lee , Woomyoung Park , Nako Sung

Human being and different species of animals having the skills to gather, transferring knowledge, processing, fine-tune and generating information throughout their lifetime. The ability of learning throughout their lifespan is referred as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Ashutosh Kumar , Sonali Agarwal , D Jude Hemanth

Despite remarkable successes achieved by modern neural networks in a wide range of applications, these networks perform best in domain-specific stationary environments where they are trained only once on large-scale controlled data…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Pouya Bashivan , Martin Schrimpf , Robert Ajemian , Irina Rish , Matthew Riemer , Yuhai Tu

The task of a neural associative memory is to retrieve a set of previously memorized patterns from their noisy versions using a network of neurons. An ideal network should have the ability to 1) learn a set of patterns as they arrive, 2)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-07-25 Amin Karbasi , Amir Hesam Salavati , Amin Shokrollahi

This study bridges cognitive science and neural network design by examining whether artificial models exhibit human-like forgetting curves. Drawing upon Ebbinghaus' seminal work on memory decay and principles of spaced repetition, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Dylan Kline

When artificial intelligence mistakes memorization for intelligence, it creates a dangerous mirage of reasoning. Existing studies treat memorization and self-knowledge deficits in LLMs as separate issues and do not recognize an intertwining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Sahil Kale

With the rapid advancement of AI systems, their abilities to store, retrieve, and utilize information over the long term - referred to as long-term memory - have become increasingly significant. These capabilities are crucial for enhancing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zihong He , Weizhe Lin , Hao Zheng , Fan Zhang , Matt W. Jones , Laurence Aitchison , Xuhai Xu , Miao Liu , Per Ola Kristensson , Junxiao Shen

This paper addresses the limitations of large language models in understanding long-term context. It proposes a model architecture equipped with a long-term memory mechanism to improve the retention and retrieval of semantic information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yue Xing , Tao Yang , Yijiashun Qi , Minggu Wei , Yu Cheng , Honghui Xin