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Recent studies show that the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be improved by applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to question-answering (QA) tasks in areas such as math and coding. With a long context length, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Stephen Chung , Wenyu Du , Jie Fu

Query-focused Summarization (QfS) deals with systems that generate summaries from document(s) based on a query. Motivated by the insight that Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a generalization to Supervised Learning (SL) for Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Swaroop Nath , Harshad Khadilkar , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Traffic allocation is a process of redistributing natural traffic to products by adjusting their positions in the post-search phase, aimed at effectively fostering merchant growth, precisely meeting customer demands, and ensuring the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Peng Cheng , Huimu Wang , Jinyuan Zhao , Yihao Wang , Enqiang Xu , Yu Zhao , Zhuojian Xiao , Songlin Wang , Guoyu Tang , Lin Liu , Sulong Xu

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods have significant potential for dialogue policy optimisation. However, they suffer from a poor performance in the early stages of learning. This is especially problematic for on-line learning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Pei-Hao Su , Pawel Budzianowski , Stefan Ultes , Milica Gasic , Steve Young

User-machine interaction is crucial for information retrieval, especially for spoken content retrieval, because spoken content is difficult to browse, and speech recognition has a high degree of uncertainty. In interactive retrieval, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Pei-Hung Chung , Kuan Tung , Ching-Lun Tai , Hung-Yi Lee

With the continuous development of machine learning technology, major e-commerce platforms have launched recommendation systems based on it to serve a large number of customers with different needs more efficiently. Compared with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Yang Yu , Zhenhao Gu , Rong Tao , Jingtian Ge , Kenglun Chang

Learning to Rank is the problem involved with ranking a sequence of documents based on their relevance to a given query. Deep Q-Learning has been shown to be a useful method for training an agent in sequential decision making. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Abhishek Sharma

Integrating human expertise with machine learning is crucial for applications demanding high accuracy and safety, such as autonomous driving. This study introduces Interactive Double Deep Q-network (iDDQN), a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Alkis Sygkounas , Ioannis Athanasiadis , Andreas Persson , Michael Felsberg , Amy Loutfi

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a popular method for post-training large language models (LLMs). While improving the model's performance on downstream tasks, it often reduces the model's output diversity, leading to narrow,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yilei Chen , Souradip Chakraborty , Lorenz Wolf , Yannis Paschalidis , Aldo Pacchiano

We implement a method for re-ranking top-10 results of a state-of-the-art question answering (QA) system. The goal of our re-ranking approach is to improve the answer selection given the user question and the top-10 candidates. We focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Michael Barz , Daniel Sonntag

Conversational search supports multi-turn user-system interactions to solve complex information needs. Different from the traditional single-turn ad-hoc search, conversational search encounters a more challenging problem of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Fengran Mo , Chen Qu , Kelong Mao , Yihong Wu , Zhan Su , Kaiyu Huang , Jian-Yun Nie

In a recent study, Reinforcement Learning (RL) used in combination with many-objective search, has been shown to outperform alternative techniques (random search and many-objective search) for online testing of Deep Neural Network-enabled…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Luca Giamattei , Matteo Biagiola , Roberto Pietrantuono , Stefano Russo , Paolo Tonella

Reinforcement learning is a model-free optimal control method that optimizes a control policy through direct interaction with the environment. For reaching tasks that end in regulation, popular discrete-action methods are not well suited…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Wouter Caarls

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is widely used in task-oriented dialogue systems to optimize dialogue policy, but it struggles to balance exploration and exploitation due to the high dimensionality of state and action spaces. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yangyang Zhao , Ben Niu , Libo Qin , Shihan Wang

For ambiguous queries, conventional retrieval systems are bound by two conflicting goals. On the one hand, they should diversify and strive to present results for as many query intents as possible. On the other hand, they should provide…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Karthik Raman , Thorsten Joachims , Pannaga Shivaswamy

Session-level dynamic ad load optimization aims to personalize the density and types of delivered advertisements in real time during a user's online session by dynamically balancing user experience quality and ad monetization. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Tao Liu , Qi Xu , Wei Shi , Zhigang Hua , Shuang Yang

We introduce a novel schema for sequence to sequence learning with a Deep Q-Network (DQN), which decodes the output sequence iteratively. The aim here is to enable the decoder to first tackle easier portions of the sequences, and then turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-02 Hongyu Guo

Leveraging vast and continually updated knowledge from the Internet has been considered an important ability for a dialogue system. Therefore, the dialogue query generation task is proposed for generating search queries from dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Jianheng Huang , Ante Wang , Linfeng Gao , Linfeng Song , Jinsong Su

Navigating and understanding complex and unknown environments autonomously demands more than just basic perception and movement from embodied agents. Truly effective exploration requires agents to possess higher-level cognitive abilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Abdel Hakim Drid , Vincenzo Suriani , Daniele Nardi , Abderrezzak Debilou

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been proven its efficiency in capturing users' dynamic interests in recent literature. However, training a DRL agent is challenging, because of the sparse environment in recommender systems (RS), DRL…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Xiaocong Chen , Siyu Wang , Lina Yao , Lianyong Qi , Yong Li