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High-performance computing (HPC) is essential for tackling complex computational problems across various domains. As the scale and complexity of HPC applications continue to grow, the need for scalable systems and software architectures…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Risshab Srinivas Ramesh

Heterogeneous systems appear as a viable design alternative for the dark silicon era. In this paradigm, a processor chip includes several different technological alternatives for implementing a certain logical block (e.g., core, on-chip…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-31 M. Horro , G. Rodríguez , J. Touriño , M. T. Kandemir

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), the demand for high-performance LLM inference services continues to grow. To meet this demand, a growing number of AI accelerators have been proposed, such as Google TPU, Huawei…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Tianhao Zhu , Dahu Feng , Erhu Feng , Yubin Xia

The escalating adoption of diffusion models for applications such as image generation demands efficient parallel inference techniques to manage their substantial computational cost. However, existing diffusion parallelism inference schemes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Han Liang , Jiahui Zhou , Zicheng Zhou , Xiaoxi Zhang , Xu Chen

This survey of heterogeneous computing systems will help in analyzing the technological trends that will be at the basis of heterogeneous computing systems, highlighting the major opportunities and challenges such technologies will bring…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-02 Dimple P. Khatri , Guanqun Song , Ting Zhu

Extreme-edge scientific applications use machine learning models to analyze sensor data and make real-time decisions. Their stringent latency and throughput requirements demand small batch sizes and require that model weights remain fully…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhenghua Ma , G Abarajithan , Dimitrios Danopoulos , Olivia Weng , Francesco Restuccia , Ryan Kastner

Over recent years heterogeneous systems have become more prevalent across HPC systems, with over 100 supercomputers in the TOP500 incorporating GPUs or other accelerators. These hardware platforms have different performance characteristics…

Performance · Computer Science 2019-04-11 John Lawson , Mehdi Goli , Duncan McBain , Daniel Soutar , Louis Sugy

While hardware-software co-design has significantly improved the efficiency of neural network inference, modeling the training phase remains a critical yet underexplored challenge. Training workloads impose distinct constraints,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jérémy Morlier , Robin Geens , Stef Cuyckens , Arne Symons , Marian Verhelst , Vincent Gripon , Mathieu Léonardon

Heterogeneous systems are present from powerful supercomputers, to mobile devices, including desktop computers, thanks to their excellent performance and energy consumption. The ubiquity of these architectures in both desktop systems and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Raúl Nozal , Jose Luis Bosque , Ramon Beivide

Developing parallel algorithms efficiently requires careful management of concurrency across diverse hardware architectures. C++ executors provide a standardized interface that simplifies the development process, allowing developers to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Karame Mohammadiporshokooh , Steven R. Brandt , Hartmut Kaiser

This thesis (extended abstract) presents the software development efforts toward efficient exploitation of heterogeneity through intricate mapping of computational kernels, collaborative execution of multiple processing elements and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Siqi Wang

Foundation model training is becoming multimodal, from post-training pipelines to large-scale pretraining. As modality coverage broadens, context windows grow, and encoder LLM scales diverge, a single LLM-centric TP/CP/PP/DP/EP layout…

The rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) and the continuous release of new GPU products have significantly increased the demand for distributed training across heterogeneous GPU environments. In this paper, we present a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Yuxiao Wang , Yuedong Xu , Qingyang Duan , Yuxuan Liu , Lei Jiao , Yinghao Yu , Jun Wu

Simulations based on particle methods, such as Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), are known to be computationally demanding. While such methods have for long been executed in parallel on multi-core CPUs, in recent years the increasing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Xiangyu Hu , Alberto Guarnieri

Unlike traditional PCIe-based FPGA accelerators, heterogeneous SoC-FPGA devices provide tighter integrations between software running on CPUs and hardware accelerators. Modern heterogeneous SoC-FPGA platforms support multiple I/O cache…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Seung Won Min , Sitao Huang , Mohamed El-Hadedy , Jinjun Xiong , Deming Chen , Wen-mei Hwu

As the usage of deep learning becomes increasingly popular in mobile and embedded solutions, it is necessary to convert the framework-specific network representations into executable code for these embedded platforms. This paper consists of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Max Sponner , Bernd Waschneck , Akash Kumar

In recent times, the trend in very large scale integration (VLSI) industry is multi-dimensional, for example, reduction of energy consumption, occupancy of less space, precise result, less power dissipation, faster response. To meet these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Gaurab Bhattacharya

The gigantic complexity and heterogeneity of today's advanced cyber-physical systems and systems of systems is multiplied by the use of avant-garde computing architectures to employ artificial intelligence based autonomy in the system.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Maksim Jenihhin , Matteo Sonza Reorda , Aneesh Balakrishnan , Dan Alexandrescu

With the growing complexity and capability of contemporary robotic systems, the necessity of sophisticated computing solutions to efficiently handle tasks such as real-time processing, sensor integration, decision-making, and control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Md Rafid Islam

The growing complexity of computational workloads has amplified the need for efficient and specialized hardware accelerators. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have emerged as prominent solutions,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Arnab A Purkayastha , Jay Tharwani , Shobhit Aggarwal