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Gaussian Processes (GPs) are widely recognized as powerful non-parametric models for regression and classification. Traditional GP frameworks predominantly operate under the assumption that the inputs are either accurately known or subject…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Muzaffar Qureshi , Tochukwu Elijah Ogri , Zachary I. Bell , Wanjiku A. Makumi , Rushikesh Kamalapurkar

In this paper, we study nonparametric models allowing for locally stationary regressors and a regression function that changes smoothly over time. These models are a natural extension of time series models with time-varying coefficients. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-02-19 Michael Vogt

Designing a covariance function that represents the underlying correlation is a crucial step in modeling complex natural systems, such as climate models. Geospatial datasets at a global scale usually suffer from non-stationarity and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-07-10 Chintan A. Dalal , Vladimir Pavlovic , Robert E. Kopp

Gaussian processes (GPs) are the most common formalism for defining probability distributions over spaces of functions. While applications of GPs are myriad, a comprehensive understanding of GP sample paths, i.e. the function spaces over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Nathaël Da Costa , Marvin Pförtner , Lancelot Da Costa , Philipp Hennig

Gaussian processes (GPs) are ubiquitous tools for modeling and predicting continuous processes in physical and engineering sciences. This is partly due to the fact that one may employ a Gaussian process as an interpolator while facilitating…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-16 D. Andrew Brown , Peter Kiessler , John Nicholson

Gaussian processes (GPs) are Bayesian nonparametric generative models that provide interpretability of hyperparameters, admit closed-form expressions for training and inference, and are able to accurately represent uncertainty. To model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-21 Gonzalo Rios , Felipe Tobar

Gaussian process regression is a widely-applied method for function approximation and uncertainty quantification. The technique has gained popularity recently in the machine learning community due to its robustness and interpretability. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-12 Marcus M. Noack , James A. Sethian

We introduce a fast algorithm for Gaussian process regression in low dimensions, applicable to a widely-used family of non-stationary kernels. The non-stationarity of these kernels is induced by arbitrary spatially-varying vertical and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-28 P. Michael Kielstra , Michael Lindsey

Recent advances in Deep Gaussian Processes (DGPs) show the potential to have more expressive representation than that of traditional Gaussian Processes (GPs). However, there exists a pathology of deep Gaussian processes that their learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Anh Tong , Jaesik Choi

We introduce new Gaussian Process (GP) high-order approximations to linear operations that are frequently used in various numerical methods. Our method employs the kernel-based GP regression modeling, a non-parametric Bayesian approach to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Christopher DeGrendele , Dongwook Lee

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide flexible distributions over functions, with inductive biases controlled by a kernel. However, in many applications Gaussian processes can struggle with even moderate input dimensionality. Learning a low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Ian A. Delbridge , David S. Bindel , Andrew Gordon Wilson

A key challenge in the practical application of Gaussian processes (GPs) is selecting a proper covariance function. The moving average, or process convolutions, construction of GPs allows some additional flexibility, but still requires…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-19 Thomas M. McDonald , Magnus Ross , Michael T. Smith , Mauricio A. Álvarez

Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is a popular nonparametric regression model. In GPR, features of the regression function such as varying degrees of smoothness and periodicities are modeled through combining various covarinace…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-07 Jaehoan Kim , Jaeyong Lee

We introduce Latent Gaussian Process Regression which is a latent variable extension allowing modelling of non-stationary multi-modal processes using GPs. The approach is built on extending the input space of a regression problem with a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-19 Erik Bodin , Neill D. F. Campbell , Carl Henrik Ek

This paper considers a class of nonparametric autoregressive models with nonstationarity. We propose a nonparametric kernel test for the conditional mean and then establish an asymptotic distribution of the proposed test. Both the setting…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-20 Jiti Gao , Maxwell King , Zudi Lu , Dag Tjøstheim

Gaussian Processes (GP) are widely used for probabilistic modeling and inference for nonparametric regression. However, their computational complexity scales cubicly with the sample size rendering them unfeasible for large data sets. To…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-11 Amine Hadji , Tammo Hesselink , Botond Szabó

In many environmental applications involving spatially-referenced data, limitations on the number and locations of observations motivate the need for practical and efficient models for spatial interpolation, or kriging. A key component of…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-11 Mark D. Risser

We establish a general form of explicit, input-dependent, measure-valued warpings for learning nonstationary kernels. While stationary kernels are ubiquitous and simple to use, they struggle to adapt to functions that vary in smoothness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Anthony Tompkins , Rafael Oliveira , Fabio Ramos

Standard geostatistical models assume second order stationarity of the underlying Random Function. In some instances, there is little reason to expect the spatial dependence structure to be stationary over the whole region of interest. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-12-04 Francky Fouedjio , Nicolas Desassis , Jacques Rivoirard

Building spatial process models that capture nonstationary behavior while delivering computationally efficient inference is challenging. Nonstationary spatially varying kernels (see, e.g., Paciorek, 2003) offer flexibility and richness, but…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-01 Sébastien Coube-Sisqueille , Sudipto Banerjee , Benoît Liquet