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We show that among any $n$ points in the unit cube one can find a triangle of area at most $n^{-2/3-c}$ for some absolute constant $c >0$. This gives the first non-trivial upper bound for the three-dimensional version of Heilbronn's…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Dominique Maldague , Hong Wang , Dmitrii Zakharov

A well-studied continuous model of graphs, introduced by Dearing and Francis [Transportation Science, 1974], considers each edge as a continuous unit-length interval of points. For $\delta \geq 0$, we introduce the problem $\delta$-Tour,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Fabian Frei , Ahmed Ghazy , Tim A. Hartmann , Florian Hörsch , Dániel Marx

In the Tricolored Euclidean Traveling Salesperson problem, we are given~$k=3$ sets of points in the plane and are looking for disjoint tours, each covering one of the sets. Arora (1998) famously gave a PTAS based on ``patching'' for the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Júlia Baligács , Yann Disser , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Anna Zych-Pawlewicz

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) famously asks for a shortest tour that a salesperson can take to visit a given set of cities in any order. In this paper, we ask how much faster $k \ge 2$ salespeople can visit the cities if they divide…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Benjamin Aram Berendsohn , Hwi Kim , László Kozma

We show that for every $1 \le k \le d/(\log d)^C$, every finite transitive set of unit vectors in $\mathbb{R}^d$ lies within distance $O(1/\sqrt{\log (d/k)})$ of some codimension $k$ subspace, and this distance bound is best possible. This…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-01-28 Ashwin Sah , Mehtaab Sawhney , Yufei Zhao

Let $X_1, X_2, \dots, X_n$ be independent and uniformly distributed random variables in the unit square $[0,1]^2$ and let $L(X_1, \dots, X_n)$ be the length of the shortest traveling salesman path through these points. In 1959, Beardwood,…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-09 Stefan Steinerberger

We consider the following surveillance problem: Given a set $P$ of $n$ sites in a metric space and a set of $k$ robots with the same maximum speed, compute a patrol schedule of minimum latency for the robots. Here a patrol schedule…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Peyman Afshani , Mark de Berg , Kevin Buchin , Jie Gao , Maarten Loffler , Amir Nayyeri , Benjamin Raichel , Rik Sarkar , Haotian Wang , Hao-Tsung Yang

Consider the Euclidean traveling salesman problem with $n$ random points on the plane. Suppose that one of the points is shifted to a new random location. This gives us a new optimal path. Consider such shifts for each of the $n$ points. Do…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-30 Sourav Chatterjee , Souvik Ray

Let $M$ be a perfect matching on a set of points in the plane where every edge is a line segment between two points. We say that $M$ is globally maximum if it is a maximum-length matching on all points. We say that $M$ is $k$-local maximum…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Ahmad Biniaz , Anil Maheshwari , Michiel Smid

The $k$-opt algorithm is one of the simplest and most widely used heuristics for solving the traveling salesman problem. Starting from an arbitrary tour, the $k$-opt algorithm improves the current tour in each iteration by exchanging up to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Sophia Heimann , Hung P. Hoang , Stefan Hougardy

When trying to find approximate solutions for the Traveling Salesman Problem with heuristic optimization algorithms, small moves called Lin-$k$-Opts are often used. In our paper, we provide exact formulas for the numbers of possible tours…

Computational Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guenther Stattenberger , Markus Dankesreiter , Florian Baumgartner , Johannes J. Schneider

We study the problem of finding a tour of $n$ points in which every edge is long. More precisely, we wish to find a tour that visits every point exactly once, maximizing the length of the shortest edge in the tour. The problem is known as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-29 László Kozma , Tobias Mömke

Given a set $P$ of $n$ points with their pairwise distances, the traveling salesman problem (TSP) asks for a shortest tour that visits each point exactly once. A TSP instance is rectilinear when the points lie in the plane and the distance…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Hadrien Cambazard , Nicolas Catusse

We study the variant of the Euclidean Traveling Salesman problem where instead of a set of points, we are given a set of lines as input, and the goal is to find the shortest tour that visits each line. The best known upper and lower bounds…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Antonios Antoniadis , Sándor Kisfaludi-Bak , Bundit Laekhanukit , Daniel Vaz

In this paper, we consider the $k$-Covering Canadian Traveller Problem ($k$-CCTP), which can be seen as a variant of the Travelling Salesperson Problem. The goal of $k$-CCTP is finding the shortest tour for a traveller to visit a set of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Niklas Hahn , Michalis Xefteris

Given a set of $n$ points in the Euclidean plane, such that just $k$ points are strictly inside the convex hull of the whole set, we want to find the shortest tour visiting every point. The fastest known algorithm for the version when $k$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-06-10 Pawel Gawrychowski , Damian Rusak

We propose a combination of a bounding procedure and gradient descent method for solving the Dubins traveling salesman problem, that is, the problem of finding a shortest curvature-constrained tour through a finite number of points in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-13 David Kirszenblat , José Ayala , J. Hyam Rubinstein

We analyze two classic variants of the Traveling Salesman Problem using the toolkit of fine-grained complexity. Our first set of results is motivated by the Bitonic TSP problem: given a set of $n$ points in the plane, compute a shortest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Mark de Berg , Kevin Buchin , Bart M. P. Jansen , Gerhard Woeginger

The traveling-salesman problem is one of the most studied combinatorial optimization problems, because of the simplicity in its statement and the difficulty in its solution. We study the traveling salesman problem when the positions of the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-10-18 Sergio Caracciolo , Andrea Di Gioacchino , Enrico M. Malatesta , Carlo Vanoni

We present a very simple family of traveling salesman instances with $n$ cities where the nearest neighbor rule may produce a tour that is $\Theta(\log n)$ times longer than an optimum solution. Our family works for the graphic, the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-01-10 Stefan Hougardy , Mirko Wilde