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When applied to stiff, linear differential equations with time-dependent forcing, Runge-Kutta methods can exhibit convergence rates lower than predicted by the classical order condition theory. Commonly, this order reduction phenomenon is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-02-15 Steven Roberts , Adrian Sandu

Runge-Kutta time-stepping methods in general suffer from order reduction: the observed order of convergence may be less than the formal order when applied to certain stiff problems. Order reduction can be avoided by using methods with high…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-08-17 David Ketcheson , Benjamin Seibold , David Shirokoff , Dong Zhou

Runge-Kutta (RK) methods may exhibit order reduction when applied to stiff problems. For linear problems with time-independent operators, order reduction can be avoided if the method satisfies certain weak stage order (WSO) conditions,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Abhijit Biswas , David Ketcheson , Benjamin Seibold , David Shirokoff

This paper investigates the performance of a subclass of exponential integrators, specifically explicit exponential Runge--Kutta methods. It is well known that third-order methods can suffer from order reduction when applied to linearized…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Thi Tam Dang , Trung Hau Hoang

In this paper a technique is given to recover the classical order of the method when explicit exponential Runge-Kutta methods integrate reaction-diffusion problems. Although methods of high stiff order for problems with vanishing boundary…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Begoña Cano , Marí a Jesús Moreta

Explicit Runge-Kutta (RK) integration of hyperbolic initial-boundary value problems with time-dependent Dirichlet data often displays order reduction: the observed convergence order falls below the nominal order because the stage structure…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Giorgio Maria Cavallazzi , Miguel Pérez Cuadrado , Alfredo Pinelli

In a previous paper, a technique was suggested to avoid order reduction with any explicit exponential Runge-Kutta method when integrating initial boundary value nonlinear problems with time-dependent boundary conditions. In this paper, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-18 Begoña Cano , María Jesús Moreta

Constructing explicit Runge--Kutta (ERK) methods with as few stages as possible for a given order is a classical problem in numerical analysis. In this work, we introduce a $Q$/$D$-space framework of sufficient order conditions for ERK…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Junyuan He , Jizu Huang

Runge-Kutta (RK) methods may exhibit order reduction when applied to certain stiff problems. While fully implicit RK schemes exist that avoid order reduction via high-stage order, DIRK (diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta) schemes are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-31 Abhijit Biswas , David Ketcheson , Benjamin Seibold , David Shirokoff

Exponential Runge-Kutta methods constitute efficient integrators for semilinear stiff problems. So far, however, explicit exponential Runge-Kutta methods are available in the literature up to order 4 only. The aim of this paper is to…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-06-20 Vu Thai Luan , Alexander Ostermann

Classical convergence theory of Runge-Kutta methods assumes that the time step is small relative to the Lipschitz constant of the ordinary differential equation (ODE). For stiff problems, that assumption is often violated, and a problematic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Steven B. Roberts , David Shirokoff , Abhijit Biswas , Benjamin Seibold

This paper investigates the energy conservation properties of explicit Runge--Kutta (RK) time discretizations for autonomous skew-symmetric systems. For linear problems, we present a general framework for constructing RK methods in which…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Jinjie Liu , Moysey Brio

High order spatial discretizations with monotonicity properties are often desirable for the solution of hyperbolic PDEs. These methods can advantageously be coupled with high order strong stability preserving time discretizations. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-03-27 Sigal Gottlieb , Zachary J. Grant , Daniel Higgs

Implicit Runge--Kutta (IRK) methods are highly effective for solving stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs) but can be computationally expensive for large-scale problems due to the need of solving coupled algebraic equations at each…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Fabio Durastante , Mariarosa Mazza

Nonlinear parabolic equations are central to numerous applications in science and engineering, posing significant challenges for analytical solutions and necessitating efficient numerical methods. Exponential integrators have recently…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Trung Hau Hoang

In this paper, two new families of fourth-order explicit exponential Runge--Kutta (ERK) methods with four stages are studied for solving first-order differential systems $y'(t)+My(t)=f(y(t))$. By comparing the Taylor series of the exact…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-19 Xianfa Hu , Yonglei Fang , Bin Wang

Implicit-explicit (IMEX) Runge-Kutta methods play a major rule in the numerical treatment of differential systems governed by stiff and non-stiff terms. This paper discusses order conditions and symplecticity properties of a class of IMEX…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2012-02-07 Michael Herty , Lorenzo Pareschi , Sonja Steffensen

In this work we consider a mixed precision approach to accelerate the implemetation of multi-stage methods. We show that Runge-Kutta methods can be designed so that certain costly intermediate computations can be performed as a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-25 Zachary J. Grant

When one wishes to numerically solve an initial value problem, it is customary to rewrite it as an equivalent first-order system to which a method, usually from the class of Runge-Kutta methods, is applied. Directly treating higher-order…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Loris Petronijevic

One of main obstacles in verifying the energy dissipation laws of implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta (IERK) methods for phase field equations is to establish the uniform boundedness of stage solutions without the global Lipschitz continuity…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Hong-lin Liao , Tao Tang , Xuping Wang , Tao Zhou
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