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This paper analyses a classical and a quantum annealing approach to compute the minimum deployment of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) hardware in a tier 1 provider network. The ensemble of QKD systems needs to be able to exchange as many…

Variational quantum algorithms have attracted attention for their potential to solve combinatorial optimization problems. We study how the choice of encoding affects the resource requirements and optimization behavior of a variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Linus Ekstrøm , Hao Wang , Sebastian Schmitt

In this paper, we study the use of hybrid classical-quantum annealing technology to solve a critical business optimization problem that is a form of multiproduct multi-bin packing in three dimensions with support constraints and case…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-29 Mohsen Rahmani , Nitish Umang , Mason Christensen

The opening of Arctic sea routes presents unprecedented opportunities for global trade but poses significant operational and computational challenges due to the dynamic nature of sea ice conditions. This study formulates a multi criteria…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Tara Kit , Kimsay Pov , Myeongseong Go , Leanghok Hour , Arim Ryou , Kiwoong Kim , Tae-Kyung Kim , Youngsun Han

Uncertainty is fundamental in modern power systems, where renewable generation and fluctuating demand make stochastic optimization indispensable. The chance constrained unit commitment problem (UCP) captures this uncertainty but rapidly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 David Ribes , Tatiana Gonzalez Grandon

Quantum annealing approximately solves combinatorial optimization problems by leveraging the principles of adiabatic quantum systems. In this approach, the system's Hamiltonian evolves from an initial general state to a problem-specific…

Placement of sensors on vehicles for safety and autonomous capability is a complex optimization problem when considered in the full-blown form, with different constraints. Considering that Quantum Computers are expected to be able to solve…

In a recent study (Ref. [1]), quantum annealing was reported to exhibit a scaling advantage for approximately solving Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO). However, this claim critically depends on the choice of classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 J. Pawlowski , P. Tarasiuk , J. Tuziemski , L. Pawela , B. Gardas

Optimization of pre-production vehicle configurations is one of the challenges in the automotive industry. Given a list of tests requiring cars with certain features, it is desirable to find the minimum number of cars that cover the tests…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Adam Glos , Akash Kundu , Özlem Salehi

Quantum computing offers the potential for superior computational capabilities, particularly for data-intensive tasks. However, the current state of quantum hardware puts heavy restrictions on input size. To address this, hybrid transfer…

We consider a range of unconventional modifications to Quantum Annealing (QA), applied to an artificial trial problem with continuously tunable difficulty. In this problem, inspired by "transverse field chaos" in larger systems, classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Zhijie Tang , Eliot Kapit

Quantum Annealing (QA) and QAOA are promising quantum optimisation algorithms used for finding approximate solutions to combinatorial problems on near-term NISQ systems. Many NP-hard problems can be reformulated as Quadratic Unconstrained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Namasi G Sankar , Georgios Miliotis , Simon Caton

Unit commitment is an important optimization problem in power system operations, classified as NP-hard. This paper presents a hybrid quantum-classical method for the unit commitment problem with time-dependent constraints, where decisions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Kien X. Nguyen , Ilya Safro , Xiaoyuan Liu

We introduce and study a general version of the fractional online knapsack problem with multiple knapsacks, heterogeneous constraints on which items can be assigned to which knapsack, and rate-limiting constraints on the assignment of items…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Bo Sun , Ali Zeynali , Tongxin Li , Mohammad Hajiesmaili , Adam Wierman , Danny H. K. Tsang

A central challenge in quantum computing is to identify more computational problems for which utilization of quantum resources can offer significant speedup. Here, we propose a hybrid quantum-classical scheme to tackle the quantum optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-19 Jun Li , Xiaodong Yang , Xinhua Peng , Chang-Pu Sun

While quantum computing proposes promising solutions to computational problems not accessible with classical approaches, due to current hardware constraints, most quantum algorithms are not yet capable of computing systems of practical…

The design of a good algorithm to solve NP-hard combinatorial approximation problems requires specific domain knowledge about the problems and often needs a trial-and-error problem solving approach. Graph coloring is one of the essential…

This paper addresses the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) by comparing classical and quantum Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches. An Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) agent is implemented in classical, full quantum, and hybrid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Eva Andrés

The intractability of deterministic solutions in solving $\mathcal{NP}$-Hard Combinatorial Optimisation Problems (COP) is well reported in the literature. One mechanism for overcoming this difficulty has been the use of efficient COP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-25 Maxine T. Khumalo , Hazel A. Chieza , Krupa Prag , Matthew Woolway

With the advent of exascale computing, effective load balancing in massively parallel software applications is critically important for leveraging the full potential of high performance computing systems. Load balancing is the distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-30 Omer Rathore , Alastair Basden , Nicholas Chancellor , Halim Kusumaatmaja