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Effectively operating electrical vehicle charging station (EVCS) is crucial for enabling the rapid transition of electrified transportation. To solve this problem using reinforcement learning (RL), the dimension of state/action spaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Kyung-bin Kwon , Hao Zhu

An important scenario for smart grids which encompass distributed electrical networks is given by the simultaneous presence of aggregators and individual consumers. In this work, an aggregator is seen as an entity (a coalition) which is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-25 Olivier Beaude , Cheng Wan , Samson Lasaulce

The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) with the energy grid has become an important area of research due to the increasing EV penetration in today's transportation systems. Under appropriate management of EV charging and discharging,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Bo Lin , Bissan Ghaddar , Jatin Nathwani

The rapid rise of electric vehicles (EVs) places unprecedented stress on both urban mobility systems and low-voltage power grids. Designing battery swapping and charging networks that are cost-efficient, grid-compatible, and sustainable is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Wenqing Ai , Hanyu Cheng , Wei Qi

The growing use of electric vehicles (EVs) may hinder their integration into the electricity system as well as their efficient operation due to the intrinsic stochasticity associated with their driving patterns. In this work, we assume a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-22 Álvaro Porras , Ricardo Fernández-Blanco , Juan M. Morales , Salvador Pineda

The rapid electrification of transportation, driven by stringent decarbonization targets and supportive policies, poses significant challenges for distribution system operators (DSOs). When numerous electric vehicles (EVs) charge…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Kristoffer Christensen , Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen , Zheng Grace Ma

A variety of energy resources has been identified as being flexible in their electric energy consumption or generation. This energetic flexibility can be used for various purposes such as minimizing energy procurement costs or providing…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Fabian L. Müller , Jácint Szabó , Olle Sundström , John Lygeros

Shift of the power system generation from the fossil to the variable renewable sources prompted the system operators to search for new sources of flexibility, that is, new reserve providers. With the introduction of electric vehicles, smart…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-22 Ivan Pavić , Hrvoje Pandžić , Tomislav Capuder

Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to reduce grid stress through smart charging strategies while simultaneously meeting user demand. This requires accurate forecasts of key charging parameters, such as energy demand and connection…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-26 Parnian Alikhani , Nico Brinkel , Wouter Schram , Ioannis Lampropoulos , Wilfried van Sark

Wide-scale electrification of the transportation sector will require careful planning and coordination with the power grid. Left unmanaged, uncoordinated charging of electric vehicles (EVs) at increased levels of penetration will amplify…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Polina Alexeenko , Eilyan Bitar

Aggregation schemes provide a means to reduce the computational complexity of power system operation by reducing the number of devices that are considered individually. This can be achieved with tools of computational geometry, where the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Maurice Raetsch , Maísa Beraldo Bandeira , Christian Rehtanz , Alexander Engelmann , Timm Faulwasser

Electric Vehicles (EV) impact urban networks both when driving (e.g., noise and pollution reduction) and charging. For the electrical grid, the flexibility of EV charging makes it a significant actor in "Demand Response" mechanisms.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Benoît Sohet , Yezekael Hayel , Olivier Beaude , Alban Jeandin

Coordinated aggregation of a large population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) presents a great potential to provide various ancillary services to the grid. One of the key challenges of integrating TCLs into system level…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-04-04 Lin Zhao , Wei Zhang , He Hao , Karan Kalsi

Aggregators have emerged as crucial tools for the coordination of distributed, controllable loads. However, to be used effectively, aggregators must be able to communicate the available flexibility of the loads they control to the system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-25 Tongxin Li , Steven H. Low , Adam Wierman

The increasing electrification of human activities and the rapid integration of variable renewable energy sources strain the power grid. A solution to address the need for more grid storage is to use the battery of electric vehicles as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-18 Sabri El Amrani , Thibaut Horel , Saurabh Vaishampayan , Maryam Kamgarpour , Munther A. Dahleh

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been highly favoured as a future transportation mode in the transportation section in recent years. EVs have many advantages compared to traditional transportation, especially the environmental aspect. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-26 Jaehee Jeong , Bissan Ghaddar , Nicolas Zufferey , Jatin Nathwani

The growth in Electric Vehicle (EV) market share is expected to increase power demand on distribution networks. Uncoordinated residential EV charging, based on driving routines, creates peak demand at various zone substations depending on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Xian-Long Lee , Adel N. Toosi , Peter Pudney , Ian McLeod , Muhammad Aamir Cheema , Hao Wang

This study explores the interaction between aggregators and building occupants in activating flexibility through Demand Response (DR) programs, with a focus on reinforcing the resilience of the energy system considering the uncertainties…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-13 Costas Mylonas , Donata Boric , Leila Luttenberger Maric , Alexandros Tsitsanis , Eleftheria Petrianou , Magda Foti

The first of this two-paper series proposes and elaborates a concept of electric vehicle (EV)-based e-mobility system. To this end, models designed to reap the benefits of EVs' flexibility in the literature almost exclusively consider…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-22 I. Pavić , H. Pandžić , T. Capuder

Aggregate peak Electric Vehicle (EV) charging demand is a matter of growing concern for network operators as it severely limits the network's capacity, preventing its reliable operation. Various tariff schemes have been proposed to limit…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-03 Nanda Kishor Panda , Na Li , Simon H. Tindemans