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Comparisons of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data across species can reveal links between cellular gene expression and the evolution of cell functions, features, and phenotypes. These comparisons invoke evolutionary histories, as…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-07 Samuel H. Church , Jasmine L. Mah , Casey W. Dunn

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables single-cell transcriptomic profiling, revealing cellular heterogeneity and rare populations. Recent deep learning models like Geneformer and Mouse-Geneformer perform well on tasks such as…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-11 Yuki Nishio , Takayoshi Yamashita , Keita Ito , Tsubasa Hirakawa , Hironobu Fujiyoshi

Identifying cell clusters is a critical step for single-cell transcriptomics study. Despite the numerous clustering tools developed recently, the rapid growth of scRNA-seq volumes prompts for a more (computationally) efficient clustering…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-11 Nana Wei , Yating Nie , Lin Liu , Xiaoqi Zheng , Hua-Jun Wu4

Advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have led to significant progress in measuring gene expressions at the single-cell level. The amount of publicly available single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data is already surpassing 50M…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Jing Gong , Minsheng Hao , Xingyi Cheng , Xin Zeng , Chiming Liu , Jianzhu Ma , Xuegong Zhang , Taifeng Wang , Le Song

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a transformative technology, offering unparalleled insights into the intricate landscape of cellular diversity and gene expression dynamics. The analysis of scRNA-seq data poses…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-19 Hongsong Feng , Sean Cottrell , Yuta Hozumi , Guo-Wei Wei

Background: Since the invention of next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies, they have become a powerful tool to study the presence and quantity of RNA molecules in biological samples and have revolutionized transcriptomic…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-01 Wei Vivian Li , Jingyi Jessica Li

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has the potential to provide powerful, high-resolution signatures to inform disease prognosis and precision medicine. This paper takes an important first step towards this goal by developing an…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-15 Bryan He , Matthew Thomson , Meena Subramaniam , Richard Perez , Chun Jimmie Ye , James Zou

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) yields valuable insights about gene expression and gives critical information about complex tissue cellular composition. In the analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing, the annotations of…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-29 Xiaowen Cao , Li Xing , Elham Majd , Hua He , Junhua Gu , Xuekui Zhang

Recent advances in deep learning have relied heavily on the use of large Transformers due to their ability to learn at scale. However, the core building block of Transformers, the attention operator, exhibits quadratic cost in sequence…

Single-cell RNA-seq foundation models achieve strong performance on downstream tasks but remain black boxes, limiting their utility for biological discovery. Recent work has shown that sparse dictionary learning can extract concepts from…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-31 Charlotte Claye , Pierre Marschall , Wassila Ouerdane , Céline Hudelot , Julien Duquesne

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable advancements, primarily due to their capabilities in modeling the hidden relationships within text sequences. This innovation presents a unique opportunity in the field of life…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-25 Cong Li , Qingqing Long , Yuanchun Zhou , Meng Xiao

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides high-dimensional profiles of cellular states, enabling data-driven modeling of cellular dynamics over time. In practice, time-resolved scRNA-seq is collected at only a few discrete time points…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Siyu Pu , Qingqing Long , Xiaohan Huang , Haotian Chen , Jiajia Wang , Meng Xiao , Xiao Luo , Hengshu Zhu , Yuanchun Zhou , Xuezhi Wang

Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis typically requires representations that capture heterogeneous local structure across multiple scales while remaining stable and interpretable. In this work, we propose a hierarchical sheaf spectral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xiang Xiang Wang , Guo-Wei We

The development of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics has revolutionized our capacity to investigate cellular properties, functions, and interactions in both cellular and spatial contexts. However, the analysis of single-cell and…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-09 Shuang Ge , Shuqing Sun , Huan Xu , Qiang Cheng , Zhixiang Ren

Understanding the dynamic nature of biological systems is fundamental to deciphering cellular behavior, developmental processes, and disease progression. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has provided static snapshots of gene…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-02 Zhenyi Zhang , Yuhao Sun , Qiangwei Peng , Tiejun Li , Peijie Zhou

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers detailed insights into cellular heterogeneity. Recent advancements leverage single-cell large language models (scLLMs) for effective representation learning. These models focus exclusively on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yaorui Shi , Jiaqi Yang , Changhao Nai , Sihang Li , Junfeng Fang , Xiang Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Yang Zhang

We propose a novel method, scTree, for single-cell Tree Variational Autoencoders, extending a hierarchical clustering approach to single-cell RNA sequencing data. scTree corrects for batch effects while simultaneously learning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Moritz Vandenhirtz , Florian Barkmann , Laura Manduchi , Julia E. Vogt , Valentina Boeva

The attention mechanism, a cornerstone of state-of-the-art neural models, faces computational hurdles in processing long sequences due to its quadratic complexity. Consequently, research efforts in the last few years focused on finding more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Marco Gaido , Sara Papi , Matteo Negri , Luisa Bentivogli

Single-cell RNA sequencing has transformed biology by enabling the measurement of gene expression at cellular resolution, providing information for cell types, states, and disease contexts. Recently, single-cell foundation models have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Oussama Kharouiche , Aris Markogiannakis , Xiao Fei , Michail Chatzianastasis , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is essential for decoding tumor heterogeneity. However, pan-cancer research still faces two key challenges: learning discriminative and efficient single-cell representations, and establishing a…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-04 Xiaoshui Huang , Tianlin Zhu , Yifan Zuo , Xue Xia , Zonghan Wu , Jiebin Yan , Dingli Hua , Zongyi Xu , Yuming Fang , Jian Zhang