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This paper evaluates and assesses the risk associated with capital allocation in cryptocurrencies (CCs). In this regard, we take a basket of 27 CCs and the CC index EWCI$^-$ into account. After considering a series of statistical tests we…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-05-27 Christoph J. Börner , Ingo Hoffmann , Jonas Krettek , Lars M. Kürzinger , Tim Schmitz

Since Bitcoin first appeared on the scene in 2009, cryptocurrencies have become a worldwide phenomenon as important decentralized financial assets. Their decentralized nature, however, leads to notable volatility against traditional fiat…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-10-23 Zeyd Boukhers , Azeddine Bouabdallah , Cong Yang , Jan Jürjens

Bitcoin is a popular cryptocurrency that records alltransactions in a distributed append-only public ledger calledblockchain. The security of Bitcoin heavily relies on the incentive-compatible proof-of-work (PoW) based distributed consensus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Mauro Conti , Sandeep Kumar E , Chhagan Lal , Sushmita Ruj

As the pioneer of blockchain technology, Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency to date. Given its dramatic price spikes (and crashes) along with the never-ending news from SEC regulations to security breaches, there seems to be a lack…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Anthony Luo , Dianxiang Xu

The recent emergence of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum has posed possible alternatives to global payments as well as financial assets around the globe, making investors and financial regulators aware of the importance of…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-02 Shinji Kakinaka , Ken Umeno

In this paper, we explore some stylized facts of the Bitcoin market using the BTC-USD exchange rate time series of historical intraday data from 2013 to 2020. Bitcoin presents some very peculiar idiosyncrasies, like the absence of…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-09-04 F. N. M. de Sousa Filho , J. N. Silva , M. A. Bertella , E. Brigatti

We study the distribution of fluctuations over a time scale $\Delta t$ (i.e., the returns) of the S&P 500 index by analyzing three distinct databases. Database (i) contains approximately 1 million records sampled at 1 min intervals for the…

In this paper, we study the ability to make the short-term prediction of the exchange price fluctuations towards the United States dollar for the Bitcoin market. We use the data of realized volatility collected from one of the largest…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-08 Tian Guo , Albert Bifet , Nino Antulov-Fantulin

We show that the behaviour of Bitcoin has interesting similarities to stock and precious metal markets, such as gold and silver. We report that whilst Litecoin, the second largest cryptocurrency, closely follows Bitcoin's behaviour, it does…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2014-11-10 Daniel Wilson-Nunn , Hector Zenil

Predicting the S&P 500 index volatility is crucial for investors and financial analysts as it helps assess market risk and make informed investment decisions. Volatility represents the level of uncertainty or risk related to the size of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-25 Natalia Roszyk , Robert Ślepaczuk

The uncertainties in future Bitcoin price make it difficult to accurately predict the price of Bitcoin. Accurately predicting the price for Bitcoin is therefore important for decision-making process of investors and market players in the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-09-04 Samuel Asante Gyamerah

Digital currencies and cryptocurrencies have hesitantly started to penetrate the investors, and the next step will be the regulatory risk management framework. We examine the Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall properties for the major…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-08-31 Stavros Stavroyiannis

By monitoring the time evolution of the most liquid Futures contracts traded globally as acquired using the Bloomberg API from 03 January 2000 until 15 December 2014 we were able to forecast the S&P 500 index beating the Buy and Hold…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2016-12-19 Panagiotis Papaioannou , Thomas Dionysopoulos , Dietmar Janetzko , Constantinos Siettos

Bitcoin is a representative decentralized currency system. For the security of Bitcoin, fairness in the distribution of mining rewards plays a crucial role in preventing the concentration of computational power in a few miners. Here,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Akira Sakurai , Kazuyuki Shudo

The dramatic adoption of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies in the USA has revolutionized the financial landscape and provided unprecedented investment and transaction efficiency opportunities. The prime objective of this research project…

We empirically examine the intraday return- and volatility-forecasting power of on-chain flow data for Bitcoin(BTC), Ethereum(ETH), and Tether(USDT). We find ETH net inflows to strongly predict ETH returns and volatility in the 2017-2023…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-03 Yeguang Chi , Qionghua , Chu , Wenyan Hao

Cryptocurrencies are a type of digital money meant to provide security and anonymity while using cryptography techniques. Although cryptocurrencies represent a breakthrough and provide some important benefits, their usage poses some risks…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-22 Ana Fernández Vilas , Rebeca P. Díaz Redondo , Daniel Couto Cancela , Alejandro Torrado Pazos

When analyzing Bitcoin users' balance distribution, we observed that it follows a log-normal pattern. Drawing parallels from the successful application of Gibrat's law of proportional growth in explaining city size and word frequency…

General Economics · Economics 2024-09-17 Yu Zhang , Claudio Tessone

Cryptocurrencies (CCs) have risen rapidly in market capitalization over the last years. Despite striking price volatility, their high average returns have drawn attention to CCs as alternative investment assets for portfolio and risk…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-09-18 Alla Petukhina , Simon Trimborn , Wolfgang Karl Härdle , Hermann Elendner

Cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin (BTC), which comprise a new digital asset class, have drawn extraordinary worldwide attention. The characteristics of the cryptocurrency/BTC include a high level of speculation, extreme volatility and…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-09-24 Ai Jun Hou , Weining Wang , Cathy Y. H. Chen , Wolfgang Karl Härdle