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Message-passing graph neural networks (MPNNs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for graph-based machine learning. Despite their effectiveness, MPNNs face challenges such as under-reaching and over-squashing, where limited receptive fields…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Chendi Qian , Andrei Manolache , Christopher Morris , Mathias Niepert

Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) are instances of Graph Neural Networks that leverage the graph to send messages over the edges. This inductive bias leads to a phenomenon known as over-squashing, where a node feature is insensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Francesco Di Giovanni , Lorenzo Giusti , Federico Barbero , Giulia Luise , Pietro Lio' , Michael Bronstein

Message-passing graph neural networks (MPNNs) have emerged as the leading approach for machine learning on graphs, attracting significant attention in recent years. While a large set of works explored the expressivity of MPNNs, i.e., their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Antonis Vasileiou , Stefanie Jegelka , Ron Levie , Christopher Morris

The algorithms based on message passing neural networks (MPNNs) on graphs have recently achieved great success for various graph applications. However, studies find that these methods always propagate the information to very limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mingcan Wang , Junchang Xin , Zhongming Yao , Kaifu Long , Zhiqiong Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a powerful inductive bias for modelling algorithmic reasoning procedures and data structures. Their prowess was mainly demonstrated on tasks featuring Markovian dynamics, where querying any associated data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Heiko Strathmann , Mohammadamin Barekatain , Charles Blundell , Petar Veličković

Message passing neural networks (MPNNs) operate on graphs by exchanging information between neigbouring nodes. MPNNs have been successfully applied to various node-, edge-, and graph-level tasks in areas like molecular science, computer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Lisi Qarkaxhija , Anatol E. Wegner , Ingo Scholtes

Recently, machine learning, particularly message-passing graph neural networks (MPNNs), has gained traction in enhancing exact optimization algorithms. For example, MPNNs speed up solving mixed-integer optimization problems by imitating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Chendi Qian , Didier Chételat , Christopher Morris

Message passing neural networks (MPNNs) have been shown to suffer from the phenomenon of over-squashing that causes poor performance for tasks relying on long-range interactions. This can be largely attributed to message passing only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Benjamin Gutteridge , Xiaowen Dong , Michael Bronstein , Francesco Di Giovanni

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are the state-of-the-art model for machine learning on graph-structured data. The most popular class of GNNs operate by exchanging information between adjacent nodes, and are known as Message Passing Neural…

Message-Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) have become a cornerstone for processing and analyzing graph-structured data. However, their effectiveness is often hindered by phenomena such as over-squashing, where long-range dependencies or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shahaf E. Finder , Ron Shapira Weber , Moshe Eliasof , Oren Freifeld , Eran Treister

Message-passing neural networks (MPNNs) are a powerful framework for learning representations of graph-structured domains. However, weights in MPNNs act on features only, limiting their ability to capture structural patterns. We introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Florian Seiffarth

Message passing neural networks (MPNNs) learn the representation of graph-structured data based on graph original information, including node features and graph structures, and have shown astonishing improvement in node classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Xiao Liu , Lijun Zhang , Hui Guan

Graph Neural Networks are powerful models for learning from graph-structured data, yet their effectiveness is often limited by two critical challenges: over-squashing, where information from distant nodes is excessively compressed, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hugo Attali , Nathalie Pernelle , Davide Buscaldi , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

Graph Neural Networks are powerful models for learning from graph-structured data, yet their effectiveness is often limited by two critical challenges: over-squashing, where information from distant nodes is excessively compressed, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Hugo Attali , Davide Buscaldi , Nathalie Pernelle , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros

The expressive power of message-passing graph neural networks (MPNNs) is reasonably well understood, primarily through combinatorial techniques from graph isomorphism testing. However, MPNNs' generalization abilities -- making meaningful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Antonis Vasileiou , Ben Finkelshtein , Floris Geerts , Ron Levie , Christopher Morris

Message passing neural networks (MPNN) have seen a steep rise in popularity since their introduction as generalizations of convolutional neural networks to graph-structured data, and are now considered state-of-the-art tools for solving a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Sohir Maskey , Ron Levie , Yunseok Lee , Gitta Kutyniok

Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) are widely used for learning on graphs, but their ability to process long-range information is limited by the phenomenon of oversquashing. This limitation has led some researchers to advocate Graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yaaqov Mishayev , Yonatan Sverdlov , Tal Amir , Nadav Dym

Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) hold a key position in machine learning on graphs, but they struggle with unintended behaviors, such as over-smoothing and over-squashing, due to irregular data structures. The observation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Junhyun Lee , Veronika Thost , Bumsoo Kim , Jaewoo Kang , Tengfei Ma

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are typically applied to static graphs that are assumed to be known upfront. This static input structure is often informed purely by insight of the machine learning practitioner, and might not be optimal for the…

A fundamental computation for statistical inference and accurate decision-making is to compute the marginal probabilities or most probable states of task-relevant variables. Probabilistic graphical models can efficiently represent the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-28 KiJung Yoon , Renjie Liao , Yuwen Xiong , Lisa Zhang , Ethan Fetaya , Raquel Urtasun , Richard Zemel , Xaq Pitkow
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