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Large language models (LLMs) can store a significant amount of factual knowledge in their parameters. However, their parametric knowledge may conflict with the information provided in the context. Such conflicts can lead to undesirable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yu Zhao , Xiaotang Du , Giwon Hong , Aryo Pradipta Gema , Alessio Devoto , Hongru Wang , Xuanli He , Kam-Fai Wong , Pasquale Minervini

LLMs are increasingly explored for bundle generation, thanks to their reasoning capabilities and knowledge. However, deploying large-scale LLMs introduces significant efficiency challenges, primarily high computational costs during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Kaidong Feng , Zhu Sun , Jie Yang , Hui Fang , Xinghua Qu , Wenyuan Liu

The rapid advancement in building large language models (LLMs) has intensified competition among big-tech companies and AI startups. In this regard, model evaluations are critical for product and investment-related decision-making. While…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Hritik Bansal , Pratyush Maini

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit potentially harmful biases that reinforce culturally inherent stereotypes, cloud moral judgments, or amplify positive evaluations of majority groups. Previous explanations mainly attributed bias in LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Florian Scholten , Tobias R. Rebholz , Mandy Hütter

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit hallucinations due to incorrect or outdated knowledge. Hence, model editing methods have emerged to enable targeted knowledge updates. To achieve this, a prevailing paradigm is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Junfeng Fang , Houcheng Jiang , Kun Wang , Yunshan Ma , Shi Jie , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He , Tat-seng Chua

This paper investigates the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the context of understanding their knowledge and uncertainty over questions. Specifically, we focus on addressing known-unknown questions, characterized by high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Alfonso Amayuelas , Kyle Wong , Liangming Pan , Wenhu Chen , William Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance as knowledge repositories, enabling models to understand user queries and generate accurate and context-aware responses. Extensive evaluation setups have corroborated the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Prasoon Bajpai , Sarah Masud , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large Language Models (LLMs) are regularly being used to label data across many domains and for myriad tasks. By simply asking the LLM for an answer, or ``prompting,'' practitioners are able to use LLMs to quickly get a response for an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Abel Salinas , Fred Morstatter

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in knowledge-intensive tasks, while they remain vulnerable when encountering misinformation. Existing studies have explored the role of LLMs in combating misinformation, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Miao Peng , Nuo Chen , Jianheng Tang , Jia Li

The effect of large language models (LLMs) in education is debated: Previous research shows that LLMs can help as well as hurt learning. In two pre-registered and incentivized laboratory experiments, we find no effect of LLMs on overall…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Matthias Lehmann , Philipp B. Cornelius , Fabian J. Sting

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered significant popularity and wielded immense power across various domains within Natural Language Processing (NLP). While their capabilities are undeniably impressive, it is crucial to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Sara Abdali , Jia He , CJ Barberan , Richard Anarfi

Model editing aims to correct outdated or erroneous knowledge in large models without costly retraining. Recent research discovered that the mid-layer representation of the subject's final token in a prompt has a strong influence on factual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Qizhou Chen , Taolin Zhang , Chengyu Wang , Xiaofeng He , Dakan Wang , Tingting Liu

The storage and recall of factual associations in auto-regressive transformer language models (LMs) have drawn a great deal of attention, inspiring knowledge editing by directly modifying the located model weights. Most editing works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Xiyu Liu , Zhengxiao Liu , Naibin Gu , Zheng Lin , Wanli Ma , Ji Xiang , Weiping Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in downstream tasks, but keeping their knowledge up-to-date via retraining or fine-tuning is often computationally expensive. Model editing provides a more efficient alternative by updating a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Bhiman Kumar Baghel , Emma Jordan , Zheyuan Ryan Shi , Xiang Lorraine Li

Efficiently updating multilingual knowledge in large language models (LLMs), while preserving consistent factual representations across languages, remains a long-standing and unresolved challenge. While deploying separate editing systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Wei Sun , Tingyu Qu , Mingxiao Li , Jesse Davis , Marie-Francine Moens

Large Language Models (LLMs) are foundational to AI advancements, facilitating applications like predictive text generation. Nonetheless, they pose risks by potentially memorizing and disseminating sensitive, biased, or copyrighted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Youyang Qu , Ming Ding , Nan Sun , Kanchana Thilakarathna , Tianqing Zhu , Dusit Niyato

By providing external information to large language models (LLMs), tool augmentation (including retrieval augmentation) has emerged as a promising solution for addressing the limitations of LLMs' static parametric memory. However, how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Jian Xie , Kai Zhang , Jiangjie Chen , Renze Lou , Yu Su

Robust model-editing techniques are essential for deploying large language models (LLMs) in practical applications, as they enable cost-effective ways to deal with challenges such as privacy breaches, bias mitigation and misinformation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Manit Baser , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Mohan Gurusamy

Prior works have shown that fine-tuning on new knowledge can induce factual hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), leading to incorrect outputs when evaluated on previously known information. However, the specific manifestations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Renfei Dang , Peng Hu , Zhejian Lai , Changjiang Gao , Min Zhang , Shujian Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency in generating text, benefiting from extensive training on vast textual corpora. However, LLMs may also acquire unwanted behaviors from the diverse and sensitive nature of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Zhiwei Zhang , Fali Wang , Xiaomin Li , Zongyu Wu , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Qi He , Wenpeng Yin , Suhang Wang