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Thermal partition functions for gravitational systems have traditionally been studied using Euclidean path integrals. But in Euclidean signature the gravitational action suffers from the conformal factor problem, which renders the action…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-10 Donald Marolf

We propose a method for demonstrating equivalences beyond the saddlepoint approximation between quantities in quantum gravity that are defined by the Euclidean path integral, without assumptions about holographic duality. The method…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-24 Vijay Balasubramanian , Tom Yildirim

Gravitational thermodynamics and gravitoscalar thermodynamics with $S^2 \times \mathbb{R}$ boundary geometry are investigated through the partition function, assuming that all Euclidean saddle point geometries contribute to the path…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-28 Shoichiro Miyashita

We define a (semi-classical) path integral for gravity with Neumann boundary conditions in $D$ dimensions, and show how to relate this new partition function to the usual picture of Euclidean quantum gravity. We also write down the action…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-03-01 Chethan Krishnan , K. V. Pavan Kumar , Avinash Raju

The Euclidean path integral for gravity is enriched by the addition of boundaries, which provide useful probes of thermodynamic properties. Common boundary conditions include Dirichlet conditions on the boundary induced metric;…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-22 Patrick Draper , Manthos Karydas , Hao Zhang

We show that, for any $d\geq 3$, the one-loop graviton path integral on $S^2\times S^{d-1}$ factorizes into bulk and edge parts. The bulk equals the thermal partition function of an ideal graviton gas in the Lorentzian Nariai geometry. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-15 Y. T. Albert Law , Varun Lochab

In this work we propose a simple and systematic framework for including edge modes in gauge theories on manifolds with boundaries. We argue that this is necessary in order to achieve the factorizability of the path integral, the Hilbert…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-10-01 Marc Geiller , Puttarak Jai-akson

We derive entropy factorization estimates for spin systems using the stochastic localization approach proposed by Eldan and Chen-Eldan, which, in this context, is equivalent to the renormalization group approach developed independently by…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-26 Pietro Caputo , Zongchen Chen , Daniel Parisi

We show that the semi-classical analysis of generic Euclidean path integrals necessarily requires complexification of the action and measure, and consideration of complex saddle solutions. We demonstrate that complex saddle points have a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-02 Alireza Behtash , Gerald V. Dunne , Thomas Schaefer , Tin Sulejmanpasic , Mithat Unsal

We study the genus expansion on compact Riemann surfaces of the gravitational path integral $\mathcal{Z}^{(m)}_{\text{grav}}$ in two spacetime dimensions with cosmological constant $\Lambda>0$ coupled to one of the non-unitary minimal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-12-30 Dionysios Anninos , Beatrix Mühlmann

The extent to which quantum mechanical features of black holes can be understood from the Euclidean gravity path integral has recently received significant attention. In this paper, we examine this question for the calculation of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-10-05 Luca V. Iliesiu , Murat Kologlu , Gustavo J. Turiaci

We define a canonical ensemble for a gravitational causal diamond by introducing an artificial York boundary inside the diamond with a fixed induced metric and temperature, and evaluate the partition function using a saddle point…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-26 Ted Jacobson , Manus R. Visser

The Euclidean Einstein-Hilbert action is well-known to be unbounded below and thus to raise many questions regarding the definition of the gravitational path integral. A variety of works since the late 1980's have suggested that this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-28 Gary T. Horowitz , Donald Marolf , Jorge E. Santos

Kontsevich and Segal (K-S) have proposed a criterion to determine which complex metrics should be allowed, based on the requirement that quantum field theories may consistently be defined on these metrics, and Witten has recently suggested…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-14 Jean-Luc Lehners

The very early universe is understood in terms of quantum field theories on curved spacetime, where the classical background spacetime is typically an FLRW cosmology and the quantum fields which propagate on it include gravitational waves…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-22 Alice Di Tucci

The partition function in Matrix theory is constructed by Euclidean path integral method. The D0-branes, which move around in the finite region with a typical size of Schwarzschild radius, are chosen as the background. The mass and entropy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Nobuyoshi Ohta , Jian-Ge Zhou

In this work, we employ the Hamiltonian approach to analyze the Lorentzian path integral in 2+1 AdS gravity, with an aim to sum over all possible geometries, including naked singularities and BTZ black holes, between fixed initial and final…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-11 Sumeet Chougule

We analyse a variety of Euclidean saddles in the gravitational path integral, with asymptotic AdS boundary conditions, in a class of Einstein-Scalar-Maxwell models. These include single boundary solutions, usual and wineglass wormholes, as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-21 Panos Betzios , Paul Ghiringhelli , Ioannis D. Gialamas , Olga Papadoulaki

It is well-known that the results by Bekenstein, Gibbons and Hawking on the thermodynamics of black holes can be reproduced quite simply in the Euclidean path integral approach to Quantum Gravity. The corresponding partition function is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-06 Iberê Kuntz , Gregorio Paci , Omar Zanusso

One-loop $S^{d+1}$ path integrals were shown to factorize into two parts: a bulk thermal ideal gas partition function in a $dS_{d+1}$ static patch and an edge partition function associated with degrees of freedom living on $S^{d-1}$. Here,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-15 Y. T. Albert Law
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