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As AI code assistants become increasingly integrated into software development workflows, understanding how their code compares to human-written programs is critical for ensuring reliability, maintainability, and security. In this paper, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Domenico Cotroneo , Cristina Improta , Pietro Liguori

Large language models (LLMs) for code generation are becoming integral to modern software development, but their real-world prevalence and security impact remain poorly understood. We present the first large-scale empirical study of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Bin Wang , Wenjie Yu , Yilu Zhong , Hao Yu , Keke Lian , Chaohua Lu , Hongfang Zheng , Dong Zhang , Hui Li

GitHub's Copilot generates code quickly. We investigate whether it generates good code. Our approach is to identify a set of problems, ask Copilot to generate solutions, and attempt to formally verify these solutions with Dafny. Our formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Dakota Wong , Austin Kothig , Patrick Lam

With the increasing adoption of AI-driven tools in software development, large language models (LLMs) have become essential for tasks like code generation, bug fixing, and optimization. Tools like ChatGPT, GitHub Copilot, and Codeium…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Md Sultanul Islam Ovi , Nafisa Anjum , Tasmina Haque Bithe , Md. Mahabubur Rahman , Mst. Shahnaj Akter Smrity

Code security and usability are both essential for various coding assistant applications driven by large language models (LLMs). Current code security benchmarks focus solely on single evaluation task and paradigm, such as code completion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yutao Mou , Xiao Deng , Yuxiao Luo , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

We witness an increasing usage of AI-assistants even for routine (classroom) programming tasks. However, the code generated on basis of a so called "prompt" by the programmer does not always meet accepted security standards. On the one…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Stefan Goetz , Andreas Schaad

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enhanced software development processes, minimizing the time and effort required for coding and enhancing developer productivity. However, despite their potential benefits, code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Swaroop Dora , Deven Lunkad , Naziya Aslam , S. Venkatesan , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

Software engineering research has always being concerned with the improvement of code completion approaches, which suggest the next tokens a developer will likely type while coding. The release of GitHub Copilot constitutes a big step…

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GitHub Copilot, ChatGPT, Cursor AI, and Codeium AI into software development has revolutionized the coding landscape, offering significant productivity gains, automation, and enhanced…

AI-based code assistants are promising tools that can facilitate and speed up code development. They exploit machine learning algorithms and natural language processing to interact with developers, suggesting code snippets (e.g., method…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Vincenzo Corso , Leonardo Mariani , Daniela Micucci , Oliviero Riganelli

The majority of software developers use or are planning to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in their development processes. Their top reasons include improving productivity and faster learning. In fact, Large Language Model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Srivathsan G Morkonda , Mahmoud Selim , Hala Assal

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the code generation capabilities of ChatGPT, a prominent large language model, compared to human programmers. A novel dataset of 131 code-generation prompts across 5 categories was curated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Muhammad Fawad Akbar Khan , Max Ramsdell , Erik Falor , Hamid Karimi

GitHub Copilot is an artificial intelligence model for automatically generating source code from natural language problem descriptions. Since June 2022, Copilot has officially been available for free to all students as a plug-in to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Paul Denny , Viraj Kumar , Nasser Giacaman

With the rapid development of large language models in code generation, AI-powered editors such as GitHub Copilot and Cursor are revolutionizing software development practices. At the same time, studies have identified potential defects in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yuan Huang , Yukang Zhou , Xiangping Chen , Zibin Zheng

$ $Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly utilized in various applications, with code generations being a notable example. While previous research has shown that LLMs have the capability to generate both secure and insecure…

Github Copilot, trained on billions of lines of public code, has recently become the buzzword in the computer science research and practice community. Although it is designed to help developers implement safe and effective code with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Zhensu Sun , Xiaoning Du , Fu Song , Mingze Ni , Li Li

The study on GitHub Copilot by GovTech Singapore's Engineering Productivity Programme (EPP) reveals significant potential for AI Code Assistant tools to boost developer productivity and improve application quality in the public sector.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Kevin KB Ng , Liyana Fauzi , Leon Leow , Jaren Ng

Automatic program synthesis is a long-lasting dream in software engineering. Recently, a promising Deep Learning (DL) based solution, called Copilot, has been proposed by OpenAI and Microsoft as an industrial product. Although some studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Arghavan Moradi Dakhel , Vahid Majdinasab , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh , Michel C. Desmarais , Zhen Ming , Jiang

AI-based code assistants are increasingly popular as a means to enhance productivity and improve code quality. This study compares four AI-based code assistants, GitHub Copilot, Tabnine, ChatGPT, and Google Bard, in method generation tasks,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Vincenzo Corso , Leonardo Mariani , Daniela Micucci , Oliviero Riganelli