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A lack of accessible data has historically restricted malware analysis research, and practitioners have relied heavily on datasets provided by industry sources to advance. Existing public datasets are limited by narrow scope - most include…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Robert J. Joyce , Gideon Miller , Phil Roth , Richard Zak , Elliott Zaresky-Williams , Hyrum Anderson , Edward Raff , James Holt

This paper describes EMBER: a labeled benchmark dataset for training machine learning models to statically detect malicious Windows portable executable files. The dataset includes features extracted from 1.1M binary files: 900K training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Hyrum S. Anderson , Phil Roth

The performance of a machine learning-based malware classifier depends on the large and updated training set used to induce its model. In order to maintain an up-to-date training set, there is a need to continuously collect benign and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Tzvika Shapira , David Berend , Ishai Rosenberg , Yang Liu , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

Malware continues to be a predominant operational risk for organizations, especially when obfuscation techniques are used to evade detection. Despite the ongoing efforts in the development of Machine Learning (ML) detection approaches,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 César Vieira , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

This study investigates the effectiveness of several machine learning algorithms for static malware detection using the EMBER dataset, which contains feature representations of Portable Executable (PE) files. We evaluate eight…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Md Min-Ha-Zul Abedin , Tazqia Mehrub

The continued evolution and diversity of malware constitutes a major threat in modern systems. It is well proven that security defenses currently available are ineffective to mitigate the skills and imagination of cyber-criminals…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Irina Baptista , Stavros Shiaeles , Nicholas Kolokotronis

Malware authors are continuously evolving their code base to include counter-analysis methods that can significantly hinder their detection and blocking. While the execution of malware in a sandboxed environment may provide a lot of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Vasilis Vouvoutsis , Fran Casino , Constantinos Patsakis

Binary Code Similarity Analysis (BCSA) has a wide spectrum of applications, including plagiarism detection, vulnerability discovery, and malware analysis, thus drawing significant attention from the security community. However, conventional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Fei Zuo , Cody Tompkins , Qiang Zeng , Lannan Luo , Yung Ryn Choe , Junghwan Rhee

Despite the promising results of machine learning models in malicious files detection, they face the problem of concept drift due to their constant evolution. This leads to declining performance over time, as the data distribution of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-02 William Maillet , Benjamin Marais

The constant growth in the number of malware - software or code fragment potentially harmful for computers and information networks - and the use of sophisticated evasion and obfuscation techniques have seriously hindered classic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Nicola Loi , Claudio Borile , Daniele Ucci

In this paper, we explore the use of metric learning to embed Windows PE files in a low-dimensional vector space for downstream use in a variety of applications, including malware detection, family classification, and malware attribute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Ethan M. Rudd , David Krisiloff , Scott Coull , Daniel Olszewski , Edward Raff , James Holt

Malware detection using machine learning requires feature extraction from binary files, as models cannot process raw binaries directly. A common approach involves using LIEF for raw feature extraction and the EMBER vectorizer to generate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Aditya Choudhary , Sarthak Pawar , Yashodhara Haribhakta

Binary similarity analysis determines if two binary executables are from the same source program. Existing techniques leverage static and dynamic program features and may utilize advanced Deep Learning techniques. Although they have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Xiangzhe Xu , Zhou Xuan , Shiwei Feng , Siyuan Cheng , Yapeng Ye , Qingkai Shi , Guanhong Tao , Le Yu , Zhuo Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang

As the number and complexity of malware attacks continue to increase, there is an urgent need for effective malware detection systems. While deep learning models are effective at detecting malware, they are vulnerable to adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Mahesh Datta Sai Ponnuru , Likhitha Amasala , Tanu Sree Bhimavarapu , Guna Chaitanya Garikipati

Ontologies are a standard tool for creating semantic schemata in many knowledge intensive domains of human interest. They are becoming increasingly important also in the areas that have been until very recently dominated by subsymbolic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Peter Švec , Štefan Balogh , Martin Homola , Ján Kľuka , Tomáš Bisták , Peter Anthony

This paper summarizes the research conducted for a malware detection project using the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity's MalMemAnalysis-2022 dataset. The purpose of the project was to explore the effectiveness and efficiency of machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sarah Nassar

Rapid digitalisation spurred by the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in more cyber crime. Malware-as-a-service is now a booming business for cyber criminals. With the surge in malware activities, it is vital for cyber defenders to understand…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Joon Sern Lee , Kai Keng Tay , Zong Fu Chua

Successful malware attacks on information technology systems can cause millions of dollars in damage, the exposure of sensitive and private information, and the irreversible destruction of data. Anti-virus systems that analyze a file's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Andre T. Nguyen , Edward Raff , Aaron Sant-Miller

Malware poses a significant security risk to individuals, organizations, and critical infrastructure by compromising systems and data. Leveraging memory dumps that offer snapshots of computer memory can aid the analysis and detection of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Salim Sazzed , Sharif Ullah

With the rapid proliferation and increased sophistication of malicious software (malware), detection methods no longer rely only on manually generated signatures but have also incorporated more general approaches like machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Felipe N. Ducau , Ethan M. Rudd , Tad M. Heppner , Alex Long , Konstantin Berlin
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