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We propose novel connections between several neural network architectures and viscosity solutions of some Hamilton--Jacobi (HJ) partial differential equations (PDEs) whose Hamiltonian is convex and only depends on the spatial gradient of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-11-05 Jérôme Darbon , Tingwei Meng

We study generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) problems in games with quadratic costs and individual linear equality constraints. Departing from approaches that require strong monotonicity and/or shared constraints, we reformulate the KKT…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Tatiana Tatarenko , Lucas Wey Hacker

We consider strongly monotone games with convex separable coupling constraints, played by dynamical agents, in a partial-decision information scenario. We start by designing continuous-time fully distributed feedback controllers, based on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Mattia Bianchi , Sergio Grammatico

For artificially intelligent learning systems to have widespread applicability in real-world settings, it is important that they be able to operate decentrally. Unfortunately, decentralized control is difficult -- computing even an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Samuel Sokota , Edward Lockhart , Finbarr Timbers , Elnaz Davoodi , Ryan D'Orazio , Neil Burch , Martin Schmid , Michael Bowling , Marc Lanctot

An universal primal-dual approach of description equilibriums in large class of hierarchical congestion population games is proposed. At the very core of the approach is hierarchy of enclosed to each other transport networks. In different…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-09 Alexander Gasnikov , Evgenia Gasnikova , Sergey Matsievsky , Inna Usik

We introduce a new algorithm for the numerical computation of Nash equilibria of competitive two-player games. Our method is a natural generalization of gradient descent to the two-player setting where the update is given by the Nash…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-02 Florian Schäfer , Anima Anandkumar

This paper investigates the problem of computing the equilibrium of competitive games, which is often modeled as a constrained saddle-point optimization problem with probability simplex constraints. Despite recent efforts in understanding…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-23 Shicong Cen , Yuting Wei , Yuejie Chi

We address two-player general-sum stochastic Stackelberg games (SSGs), where the leader's policy is optimized considering the best-response follower whose policy is optimal for its reward under the leader. Existing policy gradient and value…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mikoto Kudo , Youhei Akimoto

In competitive two-agent environments, deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods based on the \emph{Double Oracle (DO)} algorithm, such as \emph{Policy Space Response Oracles (PSRO)} and \emph{Anytime PSRO (APSRO)}, iteratively add RL best…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Stephen McAleer , JB Lanier , Kevin Wang , Pierre Baldi , Roy Fox , Tuomas Sandholm

We study generalized games with full row rank equality constraints and we provide a strikingly simple proof of strong monotonicity of the associated KKT operator. This allows us to show linear convergence to a variational equilibrium of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-20 Mattia Bianchi , Emilio Benenati , Sergio Grammatico

This paper establishes a primal-dual formulation for continuous-time mean field games (MFGs) and provides a complete analytical characterization of the set of all Nash equilibria (NEs). We first show that for any given mean field flow, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Jiacheng Zhang , Yufei Zhang

We formulate a general framework for competitive gradient-based learning that encompasses a wide breadth of multi-agent learning algorithms, and analyze the limiting behavior of competitive gradient-based learning algorithms using dynamical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Eric Mazumdar , Lillian J. Ratliff , S. Shankar Sastry

The classical, complete-information two-player games assume that the problem data (in particular the payoff matrix) is known exactly by both players. In a now famous result, Nash has shown that any such game has an equilibrium in mixed…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-11 Nicolas Loizou

Two-player games such as board games have long been used as traditional benchmarks for reinforcement learning. This work revisits a policy optimization method with reverse Kullback-Leibler regularization and entropy regularization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Kazuki Ota , Takayuki Osa , Motoki Omura , Tatsuya Harada

In this paper, we focus on the stochastic representation of a system of coupled Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs (HJB-Isaacs (HJBI), for short) equations which is in fact a system of coupled Isaacs' type integral-partial differential…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-12 Sheng Luo , Wenqiang Li , Xun Li , Qingmeng Wei

Population games model the evolution of strategic interactions among a large number of uniform agents. Due to the agents' uniformity and quantity, their aggregate strategic choices can be approximated by the solutions of a class of ordinary…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Semih Kara , Nuno C. Martins

Many important real-world settings contain multiple players interacting over an unknown duration with probabilistic state transitions, and are naturally modeled as stochastic games. Prior research on algorithms for stochastic games has…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Sam Ganzfried

In this work, we investigate the distributed generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) seeking problems for $N$-coalition games with inequality constraints. First, we study the scenario where each agent in a coalition has full information of all…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Chao Sun , Guoqiang Hu

Designing neural networks within a Hamiltonian framework offers a principled way to ensure that conservation laws are respected in physical systems. While promising, these capabilities have been largely limited to discrete, analytically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Anthony Zhou , Amir Barati Farimani

We propose new and original mathematical connections between Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) partial differential equations (PDEs) with initial data and neural network architectures. Specifically, we prove that some classes of neural networks…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-10 Jerome Darbon , Gabriel P. Langlois , Tingwei Meng