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Recent state-of-the-art methods in imbalanced semi-supervised learning (SSL) rely on confidence-based pseudo-labeling with consistency regularization. To obtain high-quality pseudo-labels, a high confidence threshold is typically adopted.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Zhuoran Yu , Yin Li , Yong Jae Lee

Pseudo-labeling is a key component in semi-supervised learning (SSL). It relies on iteratively using the model to generate artificial labels for the unlabeled data to train against. A common property among its various methods is that they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Islam Nassar , Samitha Herath , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Wray Buntine , Gholamreza Haffari

Label Smoothing (LS) is an effective regularizer to improve the generalization of state-of-the-art deep models. For each training sample the LS strategy smooths the one-hot encoded training signal by distributing its distribution mass over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Hongyu Guo

Semi-supervised learning methods are usually employed in the classification of data sets where only a small subset of the data items is labeled. In these scenarios, label noise is a crucial issue, since the noise may easily spread to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Fabricio Aparecido Breve , Liang Zhao , Marcos Gonçalves Quiles

Instance-dependent Partial Label Learning (ID-PLL) aims to learn a multi-class predictive model given training instances annotated with candidate labels related to features, among which correct labels are hidden fixed but unknown. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Congyu Qiao , Ning Xu , Yihao Hu , Xin Geng

Label noise is common in large real-world datasets, and its presence harms the training process of deep neural networks. Although several works have focused on the training strategies to address this problem, there are few studies that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Emeson Santana , Gustavo Carneiro , Filipe R. Cordeiro

Partial label learning (PLL) is a class of weakly supervised learning where each training instance consists of a data and a set of candidate labels containing a unique ground truth label. To tackle this problem, a majority of current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Junghoon Seo , Joon Suk Huh

Pseudo-labelling is a popular technique in unsuper-vised domain adaptation for semantic segmentation. However, pseudo labels are noisy and inevitably have confirmation bias due to the discrepancy between source and target domains and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Wanyu Xu , Zengmao Wang , Wei Bian

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) seeks to leverage large amounts of non-annotated data along with the smallest amount possible of annotated data in order to achieve the same level of performance as if all data were annotated. A fruitful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Nikolaos Karaliolios , Hervé Le Borgne , Florian Chabot

While computer vision and machine learning have made great progress, their robustness is still challenged by two key issues: data distribution shift and label noise. When domain generalization (DG) encounters noise, noisy labels further…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Wang Lu , Jindong Wang

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) with limited supervision has been a popular research topic as it can significantly alleviate the annotation burden. Self-training has been successfully applied in semi-supervised learning tasks, but one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Ran Xu , Yue Yu , Hejie Cui , Xuan Kan , Yanqiao Zhu , Joyce Ho , Chao Zhang , Carl Yang

Computer-aided diagnosis systems must make critical decisions from medical images that are often noisy, ambiguous, or conflicting, yet today's models are trained on overly simplistic labels that ignore diagnostic uncertainty. One-hot labels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ang Nan Gu , Michael Tsang , Hooman Vaseli , Purang Abolmaesumi , Teresa Tsang

The high capacity of deep learning models to learn complex patterns poses a significant challenge when confronted with label noise. The inability to differentiate clean and noisy labels ultimately results in poor generalization. We approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Eugene Kim

To learn target discriminative representations, using pseudo-labels is a simple yet effective approach for unsupervised domain adaptation. However, the existence of false pseudo-labels, which may have a detrimental influence on learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Jaehoon Choi , Minki Jeong , Taekyung Kim , Changick Kim

Deep neural networks achieve remarkable performances on a wide range of tasks with the aid of large-scale labeled datasets. Yet these datasets are time-consuming and labor-exhaustive to obtain on realistic tasks. To mitigate the requirement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Baixu Chen , Junguang Jiang , Ximei Wang , Pengfei Wan , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Deep learning has made revolutionary advances to diverse applications in the presence of large-scale labeled datasets. However, it is prohibitively time-costly and labor-expensive to collect sufficient labeled data in most realistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Ximei Wang , Jinghan Gao , Mingsheng Long , Jianmin Wang

In this paper, we delve into two key techniques in Semi-Supervised Object Detection (SSOD), namely pseudo labeling and consistency training. We observe that these two techniques currently neglect some important properties of object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Gang Li , Xiang Li , Yujie Wang , Yichao Wu , Ding Liang , Shanshan Zhang

Fine-grained image classification has witnessed significant advancements with the advent of deep learning and computer vision technologies. However, the scarcity of detailed annotations remains a major challenge, especially in scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Bowen Tian , Songning Lai , Lujundong Li , Zhihao Shuai , Runwei Guan , Tian Wu , Yutao Yue

Multi-label learning is a challenging computer vision task that requires assigning multiple categories to each image. However, fully annotating large-scale datasets is often impractical due to high costs and effort, motivating the study of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Luong Tran , Thieu Vo , Anh Nguyen , Sang Dinh , Van Nguyen

Noisy labels, which are common in real-world datasets, can significantly impair the training of deep learning models. However, recent adversarial noise-combating methods overlook the long-tailed distribution of real data, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Mengting Li , Chuang Zhu