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Diagnosing student problem behaviors requires teachers to synthesize multifaceted information, identify behavioral categories, and plan intervention strategies. Although fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) can support this process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zhilin Fan , Deliang Wang , Penghe Chen , Yu Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance in language understanding benchmarks. CALM, a popular approach, leverages linguistic priors of LLMs -- GPT-2 -- for action candidate recommendations to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Arjun Vaithilingam Sudhakar , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Janarthanan Rajendran , Sarath Chandar

Humans are talented with the ability to perform diverse interactions in the teaching process. However, when humans want to teach AI, existing interactive systems only allow humans to perform repetitive labeling, causing an unsatisfactory…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Zhongyi Zhou

Natural Language-conditioned reinforcement learning (RL) enables the agents to follow human instructions. Previous approaches generally implemented language-conditioned RL by providing human instructions in natural language (NL) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jing-Cheng Pang , Xin-Yu Yang , Si-Hang Yang , Yang Yu

Standard single-turn, static benchmarks fall short in evaluating the nuanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) on complex tasks such as software engineering. In this work, we propose a novel interactive evaluation framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Dimitrios Rontogiannis , Maxime Peyrard , Nicolas Baldwin , Martin Josifoski , Robert West , Dimitrios Gunopulos

Multimodal in-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a key mechanism for harnessing the capabilities of large vision-language models (LVLMs). However, its effectiveness remains highly sensitive to the quality of input ICL sequences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yanshu Li , Jianjiang Yang , Tian Yun , Pinyuan Feng , Jinfa Huang , Ruixiang Tang

"Learning by Teaching (LbT)" helps learners deepen their understanding by explaining concepts to others, with questions playing a vital role in identifying knowledge gaps and reinforcing comprehension. However, existing systems for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tokio Uchida , Ko Watanabe , Andrew Vargo , Shoya Ishimaru , Ralph L. Rose , Ayaka Sugawara , Andreas Dengel , Koichi Kise

Large-language Models (LLMs) have been extremely successful at tasks like complex dialogue understanding, reasoning and coding due to their emergent abilities. These emergent abilities have been extended with multi-modality to include…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Li Yang , Anushya Subbiah , Hardik Patel , Judith Yue Li , Yanwei Song , Reza Mirghaderi , Vikram Aggarwal , Qifan Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in various decision-making tasks of machine learning provides effective results with an agent learning from a stand-alone reward function. However, it presents unique challenges with large amounts of environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Neda Navidi

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex reasoning tasks such as mathematics and coding, yet they frequently struggle with simple interactive tasks that young children perform effortlessly. This discrepancy highlights a critical gap…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yi Liao , Yu Gu , Yuan Sui , Zining Zhu , Yifan Lu , Guohua Tang , Zhongqian Sun , Wei Yang

As learned control policies become increasingly common in autonomous systems, there is increasing need to ensure that they are interpretable and can be checked by human stakeholders. Formal specifications have been proposed as ways to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Isabelle Hurley , Rohan Paleja , Ashley Suh , Jaime D. Peña , Ho Chit Siu

Large Language Models (LLMs) encode meanings of words in the form of distributed semantics. Distributed semantics capture common statistical patterns among language tokens (words, phrases, and sentences) from large amounts of data. LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Yuxin Zi , Kaushik Roy , Vignesh Narayanan , Manas Gaur , Amit Sheth

While large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-3, appear to be robust and general, their reasoning ability is not at a level to compete with the best models trained for specific natural language reasoning problems. In this study, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Zhun Yang , Adam Ishay , Joohyung Lee

Temporal Logic (TL) can be used to rigorously specify complex high-level specification for systems in many engineering applications. The translation between natural language (NL) and TL has been under-explored due to the lack of dataset and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Rujul Gandhi , Yang Zhang , Chuchu Fan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly capable of handling diverse tasks with the aid of well-crafted prompts and integration of external tools, but as task complexity rises, the workflow involving LLMs can be complicated and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Honghua Dong , Qidong Su , Yubo Gao , Zhaoyu Li , Yangjun Ruan , Gennady Pekhimenko , Chris J. Maddison , Xujie Si

Although Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is effective for complex multi-robot tasks, it suffers from low sample efficiency and requires iterative manual reward tuning. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Guobin Zhu , Rui Zhou , Wenkang Ji , Shiyu Zhao

Significant progress has been made in vision-language models. However, language-conditioned robotic manipulation for contact-rich tasks remains underexplored, particularly in terms of tactile sensing. To address this gap, we introduce the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Peng Hao , Chaofan Zhang , Dingzhe Li , Xiaoge Cao , Xiaoshuai Hao , Shaowei Cui , Shuo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in AI-based tutoring systems. Can they faithfully model novice reasoning and metacognitive judgments? Existing evaluations emphasize problem-solving accuracy, overlooking the fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Jill-Jênn Vie , Roger Azevedo

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) aims to learn multiple tasks simultaneously while exploiting their mutual relationships. By using shared resources to simultaneously calculate multiple outputs, this learning paradigm has the potential to have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Maxime Fontana , Michael Spratling , Miaojing Shi

With the continuous evolution and refinement of LLMs, they are endowed with impressive logical reasoning or vertical thinking capabilities. But can they think out of the box? Do they possess proficient lateral thinking abilities? Following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Shulin Huang , Shirong Ma , Yinghui Li , Mengzuo Huang , Wuhe Zou , Weidong Zhang , Hai-Tao Zheng