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Cryptocurrency exchanges are frequently targeted and compromised by cyber-attacks, which may lead to significant losses for the depositors and closure of the affected exchanges. These risks threaten the viability of the entire public…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Benjamin Johnson , Aron Laszka , Jens Grossklags , Tyler Moore

We present an example where a distributed coordinated protocol supported by a blockchain-enabled monetary mechanism leads to achieving optimal information theoretic degrees of freedom gains. The considered setting is that of a linear…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Aly El Gamal , Hesham El Gamal

This paper studies to what extent the cost of operating a proof-of-work blockchain is intrinsically linked to the cost of preventing attacks, and to what extent the underlying digital ledger security budgets are correlated with the…

General Economics · Economics 2021-02-17 Pavel Ciaian , d'Artis Kancs , Miroslava Rajcaniova

Decentralized cooperative multi-agent multi-armed bandits (DeCMA2B) considers how multiple agents collaborate in a decentralized multi-armed bandit setting. Though this problem has been extensively studied in previous work, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zicheng Hu , Yuchen Wang , Cheng Chen

Cryptocurrency off-chain networks such as Lightning (e.g., Bitcoin) or Raiden (e.g., Ethereum) aim to increase the scalability of traditional on-chain transactions. To support nodes in learning about possible paths to route their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Utz Nisslmueller , Klaus-Tycho Foerster , Stefan Schmid , Christian Decker

We identify a subtle security issue that impacts the design of smart contracts, because agents may themselves deploy smart contracts (side contracts). Typically, equilibria of games are analyzed in vitro, under the assumption that players…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Daji Landis , Nikolaj I. Schwartzbach

Blockchain systems often rely on rationality assumptions for their security, expecting that nodes are motivated to maximize their profits. These systems thus design their protocols to incentivize nodes to execute the honest protocol but…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Haoqian Zhang , Mahsa Bastankhah , Louis-Henri Merino , Vero Estrada-Galiñanes , Bryan Ford

Intent-based cross-chain bridges have emerged as an alternative to traditional interoperability protocols by allowing off-chain entities (\emph{solvers}) to immediately fulfill users' orders by fronting their own liquidity. While improving…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 André Augusto , Christof Ferreira Torres , André Vasconcelos , Miguel Correia

Blockchain technology has evolved through many changes and modifications, such as smart-contracts since its inception in 2008. The popularity of a blockchain system is due to the fact that it offers a significant security advantage over…

Blockchain governance is paramount to leading securely a large group of users towards the same goal without disputes about the legitimacy of a blockchain instance over another. As of today, there is no efficient way of protecting this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Deepal Tennakoon , Vincent Gramoli

We analyze the economic incentives generated by the proof-of-stake mechanism discussed in the Ethereum Casper upgrade proposal. Compared with proof-of-work, proof-of-stake has a different cost structure for attackers. In Budish (2018),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-26 George Gui , Ali Hortacsu , Jose Tudon

A *sore loser attack* in cross-blockchain commerce rises when one party decides to halt participation partway through, leaving other parties' assets locked up for a long duration. Although vulnerability to sore loser attacks cannot be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Yingjie Xue , Maurice Herlihy

Although blockchains have become widely popular for their use in cryptocurrencies, they are now becoming pervasive as more traditional applications adopt blockchain to ensure data security. Despite being a secured network, blockchains have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Faisal Haque Bappy , Tariqul Islam , Tarannum Shaila Zaman , Md Sajidul Islam Sajid , Mir Mehedi Ahsan Pritom

The security of blockchain protocols is a combination of two properties: safety and liveness. It is well known that no blockchain protocol can provide both to sleepy (intermittently online) clients under adversarial majority. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Srivatsan Sridhar , Dionysis Zindros , David Tse

In the general setting, consensus cannot be solved if an adversary controls a third of the system. Yet, blockchain participants typically reach consensus "eventually" despite an adversary controlling a minority of the system. Exceeding this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Alejandro Ranchal-Pedrosa , Vincent Gramoli

Open-access blockchains based on proof-of-work protocols have gained tremendous popularity for their capabilities of providing decentralized tamper-proof ledgers and platforms for data-driven autonomous organization. Nevertheless, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Shaohan Feng , Wenbo Wang , Zehui Xiong , Dusit Niyato , Ping Wang , Shaun Shuxun Wang

The application of Bitcoin enables people to understand blockchain technology gradually. Bitcoin is a decentralized currency that does not rely on third-party credit institutions, and the core of Bitcoin's underlying technology is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yuhuan Yang , Shipeng Ye , Xiaoqi Li

The distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is detrimental to businesses and individuals as people are heavily relying on the Internet. Due to remarkable profits, crackers favor DDoS as cybersecurity weapons to attack a victim. Even…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Jianhua Li , Ximeng Liu , Jiong JIn , Shui Yu

Cryptocurrencies are poised to revolutionize the modern economy by democratizing commerce. These currencies operate on top of blockchain-based distributed ledgers. Existing permissionless blockchain-based protocols offer unparalleled…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Anurag Jain , Sanidhay Arora , Sankarshan Damle , Sujit Gujar

Censorship resilience is a fundamental assumption underlying the security of blockchain protocols. Additionally, the analysis of blockchain security from an economic and game theoretic perspective has been growing in popularity in recent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Michelle Yeo , Haoqian Zhang