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Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding is a decision rule of text generation tasks that outperforms conventional maximum a posterior (MAP) decoding using beam search by selecting high-quality outputs based on a utility function rather than those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hiroyuki Deguchi , Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding optimizes output selection by maximizing the expected utility value of an underlying human distribution. While prior work has shown the effectiveness of MBR decoding through empirical evaluation, few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yuki Ichihara , Yuu Jinnai , Kaito Ariu , Tetsuro Morimura , Eiji Uchibe

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding is a text generation technique that has been shown to improve the quality of machine translations, but is expensive, even if a sampling-based approximation is used. Besides requiring a large number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jannis Vamvas , Rico Sennrich

General-purpose LLM judges capable of human-level evaluation provide not only a scalable and accurate way of evaluating instruction-following LLMs but also new avenues for supervising and improving their performance. One promising way of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Ian Wu , Patrick Fernandes , Amanda Bertsch , Seungone Kim , Sina Pakazad , Graham Neubig

While instruction fine-tuned LLMs are effective text generators, sensitivity to prompt construction makes performance unstable and sub-optimal in practice. Relying on a single "best" prompt cannot capture all differing approaches to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 David Heineman , Yao Dou , Wei Xu

Maximum a posteriori decoding, a commonly used method for neural machine translation (NMT), aims to maximize the estimated posterior probability. However, high estimated probability does not always lead to high translation quality. Minimum…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Boxuan Lyu , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding is a powerful decoding strategy widely used for text generation tasks, but its quadratic computational complexity limits its practical application. This paper presents a novel approach for approximating MBR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Firas Trabelsi , David Vilar , Mara Finkelstein , Markus Freitag

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding has been shown to be a powerful alternative to beam search decoding in a variety of text generation tasks. MBR decoding selects a hypothesis from a pool of hypotheses that has the least expected risk under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yuu Jinnai , Tetsuro Morimura , Ukyo Honda , Kaito Ariu , Kenshi Abe

Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding outputs the hypothesis with the highest expected utility over the model distribution for some utility function. It has been shown to improve accuracy over beam search in conditional language generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Julius Cheng , Andreas Vlachos

Recent advances in machine translation (MT) have shown that Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding can be a powerful alternative to beam search decoding, especially when combined with neural-based utility functions. However, the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Markus Freitag , Behrooz Ghorbani , Patrick Fernandes

Despite their outstanding performance in the majority of scenarios, contemporary language models still occasionally generate undesirable outputs, for example, hallucinated text. While such behaviors have previously been linked to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Nico Daheim , Clara Meister , Thomas Möllenhoff , Iryna Gurevych

For extended periods of time, sequence generation models rely on beam search algorithm to generate output sequence. However, the correctness of beam search degrades when the a model is over-confident about a suboptimal prediction. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Raphael Shu , Hideki Nakayama

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) currently exhibits biases such as producing translations that are too short and overgenerating frequent words, and shows poor robustness to copy noise in training data or domain shift. Recent work has tied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Mathias Müller , Rico Sennrich

Minimum Bayes-Risk (MBR) decoding is shown to be a powerful alternative to beam search decoding for a wide range of text generation tasks. However, MBR requires a huge amount of time for inference to compute the MBR objective, which makes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yuu Jinnai , Kaito Ariu

One of the most important challenges in text generation systems is to produce outputs that are not only correct but also diverse. Recently, Minimum Bayes-Risk (MBR) decoding has gained prominence for generating sentences of the highest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yuu Jinnai , Ukyo Honda , Tetsuro Morimura , Peinan Zhang

For sequence-to-sequence tasks it is challenging to combine individual system outputs. Further, there is also often a mismatch between the decoding criterion and the one used for assessment. Minimum Bayes' Risk (MBR) decoding can be used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Vyas Raina , Mark Gales

Minimum Bayes-risk (MBR) decoding has recently gained renewed attention in text generation. MBR decoding considers texts sampled from a model as pseudo-references and selects the text with the highest similarity to the others. Therefore,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Atsumoto Ohashi , Ukyo Honda , Tetsuro Morimura , Yuu Jinnai

Inference methods play an important role in eliciting the performance of large language models (LLMs). Currently, LLMs use inference methods utilizing generated multiple samples, which can be derived from Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) Decoding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hidetaka Kamigaito , Hiroyuki Deguchi , Yusuke Sakai , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Taro Watanabe

In Neural Machine Translation, it is typically assumed that the sentence with the highest estimated probability should also be the translation with the highest quality as measured by humans. In this work, we question this assumption and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Markus Freitag , David Grangier , Qijun Tan , Bowen Liang

Minimum Bayes risk (MBR) decoding generates high-quality translations by maximizing the expected utility of output candidates, but it evaluates all pairwise scores over the candidate set; hence, it takes quadratic time with respect to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Koki Natsumi , Hiroyuki Deguchi , Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe
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