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Despite the growing interest in Small Language Models (SLMs) as resource-efficient alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), their deployment on edge devices remains challenging due to unresolved efficiency gaps in model compression.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiacheng Wang , Yejun Zeng , Jinyang Guo , Yuqing Ma , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Context compression aims to shorten long context inputs with minimal information loss for LLM inference acceleration. While existing methods have shown promise, they typically rely on complex compression modules or compression-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guoxin Ma , Yibing Liu , Chengzhengxu Li , Yu Liang , Yan Wang , Yueyang Zhang , Kecheng Chen , Zhaohan Zhang , Zhiyuan Sun , Daiting Shi

Long chain-of-thought (Long-CoT) reasoning improves accuracy in LLMs, yet its verbose, self-reflective style often hinders effective distillation into small language models (SLMs). We revisit Long-CoT compression through the lens of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Shangziqi Zhao , Jiahao Yuan , Jinyang Wu , Zhenglin Wang , Guisong Yang , Usman Naseem

Model pruning, i.e., removing a subset of model weights, has become a prominent approach to reducing the memory footprint of large language models (LLMs) during inference. Notably, popular inference engines, such as vLLM, enable users to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Kazuki Egashira , Robin Staab , Thibaud Gloaguen , Mark Vero , Martin Vechev

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit a wide range of capabilities, including mathematical reasoning, code generation, and linguistic behaviors. We show that many capabilities are highly localized to small subsets of attention heads within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Anna Bair , Yixuan Even Xu , Mingjie Sun , J. Zico Kolter

Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex reasoning, yet their efficiency is limited by the surging cognitive overhead of long thought traces. In this paper, we propose LightThinker, a method that enables LLMs to dynamically compress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuqi Zhu , Jintian Zhang , Zhenjie Wan , Yujie Luo , Shuofei Qiao , Zhengke Gui , Da Zheng , Lei Liang , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in natural language understanding and reasoning. However, their ability to perform exact, deterministic computation remains unclear. In this work, we systematically evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongkun Yu

The components underpinning PLMs -- large weight matrices -- were shown to bear considerable redundancy. Matrix factorization, a well-established technique from matrix theory, has been utilized to reduce the number of parameters in PLM.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Siyu Ren , Kenny Q. Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have experienced significant growth and development in recent years. However, performing inference on LLMs remains costly, especially for long-context inference or in resource-constrained devices. This motivates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Diego Coello de Portugal Mecke , Tom Hanika , Lars Schmidth-Thieme

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional code generation capabilities, yet their token-level mechanisms remain underexplored, particularly in compressed models. Through systematic analysis of programming language token…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Viacheslav Siniaev , Iaroslav Chelombitko , Aleksey Komissarov

Understanding the relationship between data compression and the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial, especially in specialized domains like code intelligence. Prior work posited a linear relationship between compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Shijie Xuyang , Xianzhen Luo , Zheng Chu , Houyi Li , Siming Huang , Qiufeng Wang , Wanxiang Che , Qingfu Zhu , Shuigeng Zhou

Binary quantization represents the most extreme form of compression, reducing weights to +/-1 for maximal memory and computational efficiency. While recent sparsity-aware binarization achieves sub-1-bit compression via weight pruning, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hao Gu , Lujun Li , Hao Wang , Lei Wang , Zheyu Wang , Bei Liu , Jiacheng Liu , Qiyuan Zhu , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Recent work on pruning large language models (LLMs) has shown that one can eliminate a large number of parameters without compromising performance, making pruning a promising strategy to reduce LLM model size. Existing LLM pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Haiquan Lu , Yefan Zhou , Shiwei Liu , Zhangyang Wang , Michael W. Mahoney , Yaoqing Yang

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as question-answering, sentiment analysis, text summarization, and machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Afia Anjum , Maksim E. Eren , Ismael Boureima , Boian Alexandrov , Manish Bhattarai

The breakthrough performance of large language models (LLMs) comes with major computational footprints and high deployment costs. In this paper, we progress towards resolving this problem by proposing a novel structured compression approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Eldar Kurtic , Elias Frantar , Dan Alistarh

The ever-increasing size of large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges for deployment due to their heavy computational and memory requirements. Current model pruning techniques attempt to alleviate these issues by relying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Ayan Sengupta , Siddhant Chaudhary , Tanmoy Chakraborty

We introduce Probe Pruning (PP), a novel framework for online, dynamic, structured pruning of Large Language Models (LLMs) applied in a batch-wise manner. PP leverages the insight that not all samples and tokens contribute equally to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Qi Le , Enmao Diao , Ziyan Wang , Xinran Wang , Jie Ding , Li Yang , Ali Anwar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks by understanding input information and predicting corresponding outputs. However, the internal mechanisms by which LLMs comprehend input and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhou Yang , Zhengyu Qi , Zhaochun Ren , Zhikai Jia , Haizhou Sun , Xiaofei Zhu , Xiangwen Liao

The remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in various language tasks has attracted considerable attention. However, the ever-increasing size of these models presents growing challenges for deployment and inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jiayu Qin , Jianchao Tan , Kefeng Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Wei Wang

Chain-of-thought prompting has emerged as a powerful technique for enabling large language models (LLMs) to solve complex reasoning tasks. However, these reasoning chains can be verbose, raising concerns about efficiency. In response,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ayeong Lee , Ethan Che , Tianyi Peng