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We study decreasing binary trees in which every vertex with two children is colored red or blue. We construct two bijections. The first, to ordered set partitions into odd-sized blocks each arranged as an alternating permutation, shows that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-18 Miklós Bóna , Vincent Vatter

We introduce the theory of normal ordered grammars, which gives a natural generalization of the normal ordering problem. To illustrate the main idea, we explore normal ordered grammars associated with the Eulerian polynomials and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Shi-Mei Ma , Toufik Mansour , Jean Yeh , Yeong-Nan Yeh

The enumeration of planar maps equipped with an Eulerian orientation has attracted attention in both combinatorics and theoretical physics since at least 2000. The case of 4-valent maps is particularly interesting: these orientations are in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-16 Mireille Bousquet-Mélou , Andrew Elvey Price

At a crossroads of calculus and combinatorics, the generating function of secant and tangent numbers (Euler numbers) provides enumeration of alternating permutations. In this article, we present a new refinement of Euler numbers to answer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-17 Masato Kobayashi

The study of degenerate versions of certain special polynomials and numbers, which was initiated by Carlitz's work on degenerate Euler and degenerate Bernoulli polynomials, has recently seen renewed interest among mathematicians. The aim of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-13 Taekyun Kim , Dae san Kim

We study linear recurrences of Eulerian type of the form \[ P_n(v) = (\alpha(v)n+\gamma(v))P_{n-1}(v) +\beta(v)(1-v)P_{n-1}'(v)\qquad(n\ge1), \] with $P_0(v)$ given, where $\alpha(v), \beta(v)$ and $\gamma(v)$ are in most cases polynomials…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-05 Hsien-Kuei Hwang , Hua-Huai Chern , Guan-Huei Duh

The excedance number for S_n is known to have an Eulerian distribution. Nevertheless, the classical proof uses descents rather than excedances. We present a direct recursive proof which seems to be folklore and extend it to the colored…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-03 Eli Bagno , David Garber , Toufik Mansour , Robert Shwartz

The aim of this paper is to give a new approach to modified q-Bernstein polynomials for functions of two variables. By using these type polynomials, we derive recurrence formulas and some new interesting identities related to the second…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-06 Mehmet Acikgoz , Serkan Araci

In a previous paper, Rahmani introduced a new family of p-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials by means of the Gauss hypergeometric function. Motivated by this paper and as a degenerate version of those numbers and polynomials, we introduce…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-07 Taekyun Kim , Dae san Kim , Lee-Chae jang , Hyunseok Lee , Hanyoung Kim

Binomial-Eulerian polynomials were introduced by Postnikov, Reiner and Williams. In this paper, properties of the binomial-Eulerian polynomials, including recurrence relations and generating functions are studied. We present three…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-29 Jun Ma , Shi-Mei Ma , Yeong-Nan Yeh

As shown by Bousquet-M\'elou--Claesson--Dukes--Kitaev (2010), ascent sequences can be used to encode $({\bf2+2})$-free posets. It is known that ascent sequences are enumerated by the Fishburn numbers, which appear as the coefficients of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Shishuo Fu , Emma Yu Jin , Zhicong Lin , Sherry H. F. Yan , Robin D. P. Zhou

Using the theory of exponential Riordan arrays and orthogonal polynomials, we demonstrate that the "descending power" Eulerian polynomials, and their once shifted sequence, are moment sequences for simple families of orthogonal polynomials,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-05-17 Paul Barry

Two doubly indexed families of homogeneous and isobaric polynomials in several indeterminates are considered: the (partial) exponential Bell polynomials $B_{n,k}$ and a new family $S_{n,k}$ such that $X_1^{-(2n-1)}S_{n,k}$ and $B_{n,k}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-28 Alfred Schreiber

The main object of this paper is to construct a new generating function of the (q-) Bernstein type polynomials. We establish elementary properties of this function. By using this generating function, we derive recurrence relation and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-19 Yilmaz Simsek , Mehmet Acikgoz

We introduce new generalizations of the Bernoulli, Euler, and Genocchi polynomials and numbers based on the Carlitz-Tsallis degenerate exponential function and concepts of the Umbral Calculus associated with it. Also, we present…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-07 Orli Herscovici , Toufik Mansour

Motivated by the work of Visontai and Dey-Sivasubramanian on the gamma-positivity of some polynomials, we find the commutative property of a pair of Eulerian operators. As an application, we show the bi-gamma-positivity of the descent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-25 Shi-Mei Ma , Hao Qi , Jean Yeh , Yeong-Nan Yeh

It follows from work of Chung and Graham that for a certain family of polynomials $T_{n}(x)$, derived from the descent statistic on permutations, the coefficient sequence of $T_{n-1}(x)$ coincides with that of the polynomial…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-10 Juan S. Auli , Ron Graham , Carla D. Savage

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we investigate a finite sum involving the generalized falling factorial polynomials, in some special cases of which we express it in terms of the degenerate Stirling numbers of the second kind, the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Taekyun Kim , Dae San Kim

Let $A(n,m)$ denote the Eulerian numbers, which count the number of permutations on $[n]$ with exactly $m$ descents. It is well known that $A(n,m)$ also counts the number of permutations on $[n]$ with exactly $m$ excedances. In this report,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 David Dong

The series expansion of a power of the modified Bessel function of the first kind is studied. This expansion involves a family of polynomials introduced by C. Bender et al. New results on these polynomials established here include…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-06-06 Victor H. Moll , C. Vignat