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The increasing use of large language models (LLMs) in causal discovery as a substitute for human domain experts highlights the need for optimal model selection. This paper presents the first hallucination survey of popular LLMs for causal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Grace Sng , Yanming Zhang , Klaus Mueller

Recent advancements in large audio-language models (LALMs) have shown impressive capabilities in understanding and reasoning about audio and speech information. However, these models still face challenges, including hallucinating…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Chun-Yi Kuan , Hung-yi Lee

Instruction-following Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) have achieved significant progress recently on a variety of tasks. These approaches merge strong pre-trained vision models and large language models (LLMs). Since these components…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yiyang Zhou , Chenhang Cui , Rafael Rafailov , Chelsea Finn , Huaxiu Yao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) frequently suffer from hallucination issues, generating information about objects that are not present in input images during vision-language tasks. These hallucinations particularly undermine model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Dokyoon Yoon , Youngsook Song , Woomyong Park

Recent advancements in large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive capability in visual information understanding with human language. Despite these advances, LVLMs still face challenges with multimodal hallucination,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Zongbo Han , Zechen Bai , Haiyang Mei , Qianli Xu , Changqing Zhang , Mike Zheng Shou

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve strong multimodal reasoning performance, yet we identify a recurring failure mode in long-form generation: as outputs grow longer, models progressively drift away from image evidence and fall…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shuai Lv , Chang Liu , Feng Tang , Yujie Yuan , Aojun Zhou , Kui Zhang , Xi Yang , Yangqiu Song

Despite their powerful chat, coding, and reasoning abilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate. Conventional wisdom suggests that hallucinations are a consequence of a balance between creativity and factuality, which can…

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled them to effectively integrate vision and language, addressing a variety of downstream tasks. However, despite their significant success, these models still exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zixian Gao , Chao Yang , Zhanhui Zhou , Xing Xu , Chaochao Lu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong performance on many multimodal tasks, but object hallucinations severely undermine their reliability. Most existing studies focus on the text modality, attributing hallucinations to overly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jiale Song , Jiaxin Luo , Xue-song Tang , Kuangrong Hao , Mingbo Zhao

Despite the significant success of Large Vision-Language models(LVLMs), these models still suffer hallucinations when describing images, generating answers that include non-existent objects. It is reported that these models tend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Bin Li , Dehong Gao , Yeyuan Wang , Linbo Jin , Shanqing Yu , Xiaoyan Cai , Libin Yang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) recently achieve significant breakthroughs in understanding complex visual-textual contexts. However, hallucination issues still limit their real-world applicability. Although previous mitigation methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zhaoxu Li , Chenqi Kong , Yi Yu , Qiangqiang Wu , Xinghao Jiang , Ngai-Man Cheung , Bihan Wen , Alex Kot , Xudong Jiang

Despite the recent breakthroughs achieved by Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) in understanding and responding to complex visual-textual contexts, their inherent hallucination tendencies limit their practical application in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Junzhe Chen , Tianshu Zhang , Shiyu Huang , Yuwei Niu , Linfeng Zhang , Lijie Wen , Xuming Hu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have revolutionized the landscape of AI, demonstrating impressive capabilities in tackling complex vision and audio-language tasks. However, a critical challenge remains: these models often suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Itai Allouche , Joseph Keshet

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in multimodal tasks like visual question answering or image captioning. However, inconsistencies between the visual information and the generated text, a phenomenon…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Laura Fieback , Jakob Spiegelberg , Hanno Gottschalk

Counting is a fundamental operation for various real-world visual tasks, requiring both object recognition and robust counting capabilities. Despite their advanced visual perception, large vision-language models (LVLMs) are known to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Muhammad Fetrat Qharabagh , Mohammadreza Ghofrani , Kimon Fountoulakis

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in vision-language tasks such as image captioning but remain prone to object hallucinations, where they describe objects that do not appear in the image. To mitigate this, we propose LISA, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zhihui Guo , Xin Man , Hui Xu , Jie Shao , Zhiguo Jiang , Xianchao Zhang , Heng Tao Shen

Recently, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in multi-modal context comprehension. However, they still suffer from hallucination problems referring to generating inconsistent outputs with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Xiaoye Qu , Jiashuo Sun , Wei Wei , Yu Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant popularity for their impressive performance across diverse fields. However, LLMs are prone to hallucinate untruthful or nonsensical outputs that fail to meet user expectations in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Tianhang Zhang , Lin Qiu , Qipeng Guo , Cheng Deng , Yue Zhang , Zheng Zhang , Chenghu Zhou , Xinbing Wang , Luoyi Fu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for generative and knowledge-intensive tasks including question-answering (QA) tasks. However, the practical deployment still faces challenges, notably the issue of "hallucination", where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Ziwei Ji , Tiezheng Yu , Yan Xu , Nayeon Lee , Etsuko Ishii , Pascale Fung

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are trained on vast amounts of data captured by humans emulating our understanding of the world. However, known as visual illusions, human's perception of reality isn't always faithful to the physical world.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yichi Zhang , Jiayi Pan , Yuchen Zhou , Rui Pan , Joyce Chai