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Text encodings from automatic speech recognition (ASR) transcripts and audio representations have shown promise in speech emotion recognition (SER) ever since. Yet, it is challenging to explain the effect of each information stream on the…

Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in automatic speech recognition (ASR), driven by advances in model architectures and large-scale training data. However, two important aspects remain underexplored. First, Word Error Rate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Peng Wang , Yanqiao Zhu , Zixuan Jiang , Qinyuan Chen , Xingjian Zhao , Xipeng Qiu , Wupeng Wang , Zhifu Gao , Xiangang Li , Kai Yu , Xie Chen

Evaluating automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems is a classical but difficult and still open problem, which often boils down to focusing only on the word error rate (WER). However, this metric suffers from many limitations and does not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Thibault Bañeras-Roux , Mickaël Rouvier , Jane Wottawa , Richard Dufour

Measuring automatic speech recognition (ASR) system quality is critical for creating user-satisfying voice-driven applications. Word Error Rate (WER) has been traditionally used to evaluate ASR system quality; however, it sometimes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Suyoun Kim , Duc Le , Weiyi Zheng , Tarun Singh , Abhinav Arora , Xiaoyu Zhai , Christian Fuegen , Ozlem Kalinli , Michael L. Seltzer

Source separation is a crucial pre-processing step for various speech processing tasks, such as automatic speech recognition (ASR). Traditionally, the evaluation metrics for speech separation rely on the matched reference audios and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Ari Frummer , Helin Wang , Tianyu Cao , Adi Arbel , Yuval Sieradzki , Oren Gal , Jesús Villalba , Thomas Thebaud , Najim Dehak

Although recent neural text-to-speech (TTS) systems have achieved high-quality speech synthesis, there are cases where a TTS system generates low-quality speech, mainly caused by limited training data or information loss during knowledge…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-26 Yeunju Choi , Youngmoon Jung , Youngjoo Suh , Hoirin Kim

Traditional ASR metrics like WER and CER fail to capture intelligibility, especially for dysarthric and dysphonic speech, where semantic alignment matters more than exact word matches. ASR systems struggle with these speech types, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Bornali Phukon , Xiuwen Zheng , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson

Augmenting the training data of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems with synthetic data generated by text-to-speech (TTS) or voice conversion (VC) has gained popularity in recent years. Several works have demonstrated improvements in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-13 Sewade Ogun , Vincent Colotte , Emmanuel Vincent

Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder often characterized by reduced speech intelligibility through slow, uncoordinated control of speech production muscles. Automatic Speech recognition (ASR) systems can help dysarthric talkers communicate…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Mohammad Soleymanpour , Michael T. Johnson , Rahim Soleymanpour , Jeffrey Berry

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have traditionally been evaluated using English datasets, with the word error rate (WER) serving as the predominant metric. WER's simplicity and ease of interpretation have contributed to its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Thennal D K , Jesin James , Deepa P Gopinath , Muhammed Ashraf K

Conventionally, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are evaluated on their ability to correctly recognize each word contained in a speech signal. In this context, the word error rate (WER) metric is the reference for evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Thibault Bañeras Roux , Jane Wottawa , Mickael Rouvier , Teva Merlin , Richard Dufour

Recent advances in text-to-speech (TTS) led to the development of flexible multi-speaker end-to-end TTS systems. We extend state-of-the-art attention-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems with synthetic audio generated by a TTS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Nick Rossenbach , Albert Zeyer , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

We aim to characterize how different speakers contribute to the perceived output quality of multi-speaker Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis. We automatically rate the quality of TTS using a neural network (NN) trained on human mean opinion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Jennifer Williams , Joanna Rownicka , Pilar Oplustil , Simon King

The rapid development of neural text-to-speech (TTS) systems enabled its usage in other areas of natural language processing such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) or spoken language translation (SLT). Due to the large number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Nick Rossenbach , Ralf Schlüter , Sakriani Sakti

Word error rate (WER) as a metric has a variety of limitations that have plagued the field of speech recognition. Evaluation datasets suffer from varying style, formality, and inherent ambiguity of the transcription task. In this work, we…

Objective assessment of speech that reflects meaningful changes in communication is crucial for clinical decision making and reproducible research. While existing objective assessments, particularly reference-based approaches, can capture…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Bence Mark Halpern , Thomas Tienkamp , Defne Abur , Tomoki Toda

With recent advances in speech synthesis, synthetic data is becoming a viable alternative to real data for training speech recognition models. However, machine learning with synthetic data is not trivial due to the gap between the synthetic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-25 Ting-Yao Hu , Mohammadreza Armandpour , Ashish Shrivastava , Jen-Hao Rick Chang , Hema Koppula , Oncel Tuzel

In this work we evaluate the utility of synthetic data for training automatic speech recognition (ASR). We use the ASR training data to train a text-to-speech (TTS) system similar to FastSpeech-2. With this TTS we reproduce the original…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Benedikt Hilmes , Nick Rossenbach , and Ralf Schlüter

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) transcription errors are commonly assessed using metrics that compare them with a reference transcription, such as Word Error Rate (WER), which measures spelling deviations from the reference, or semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Antoine Tholly , Jane Wottawa , Mickael Rouvier , Richard Dufour

Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder often characterized by reduced speech intelligibility through slow, uncoordinated control of speech production muscles. Automatic Speech recognition (ASR) systems may help dysarthric talkers communicate…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-28 Mohammad Soleymanpour , Michael T. Johnson , Rahim Soleymanpour , Jeffrey Berry