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Ensuring large language models' (LLMs) responses align with prompt instructions is crucial for application development. Based on our formative study with industry professionals, the alignment requires heavy human involvement and tedious…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ishika Joshi , Simra Shahid , Shreeya Venneti , Manushree Vasu , Yantao Zheng , Yunyao Li , Balaji Krishnamurthy , Gromit Yeuk-Yin Chan

Large language model performance can be improved in a large number of ways. Many such techniques, like fine-tuning or advanced tool usage, are time-intensive and expensive. Although prompt engineering is significantly cheaper and often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Philipp Schoenegger , Cameron R. Jones , Philip E. Tetlock , Barbara Mellers

Unit testing is essential for software reliability, yet manual test creation is time-consuming and often neglected. Search-based software testing improves efficiency but produces tests with poor readability and maintainability, while LLMs…

Generative AI models, specifically large language models (LLMs), have made strides towards the long-standing goal of text-to-code generation. This progress has invited numerous studies of user interaction. However, less is known about the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Sydney Nguyen , Hannah McLean Babe , Yangtian Zi , Arjun Guha , Carolyn Jane Anderson , Molly Q Feldman

Unit tests often lack concise summaries that convey test intent, especially in auto-generated or poorly documented codebases. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising solution, but their effectiveness depends heavily on how they are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Anamul Haque Mollah , Ahmed Aljohani , Hyunsook Do

This paper presents prompt design techniques for software engineering, in the form of patterns, to solve common problems when using large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT to automate common software engineering activities, such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Jules White , Sam Hays , Quchen Fu , Jesse Spencer-Smith , Douglas C. Schmidt

LLM-based assistants, such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT, have the potential to generate code that fulfills a programming task described in a natural language description, referred to as a prompt. The widespread accessibility of these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Sylvain Kouemo Ngassom , Arghavan Moradi Dakhel , Florian Tambon , Foutse Khomh

Language models can be prompted to perform a wide variety of zero- and few-shot learning problems. However, performance varies significantly with the choice of prompt, and we do not yet understand why this happens or how to pick the best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Hila Gonen , Srini Iyer , Terra Blevins , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

Unit testing has been considered as having a key role in building high quality software, and therefore it has been widely used in practice. However, data on the relationship between unit testing and aspects of software quality remain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Lucas Gren , Vard Antinyan

Large language models (LLMs) have become indispensable for automated code generation, yet the quality and security of their outputs remain a critical concern. Existing studies predominantly concentrate on adversarial attacks or inherent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bin Wang , YiLu Zhong , MiDi Wan , WenJie Yu , YuanBing Ouyang , Yenan Huang , Hui Li

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used as zero-shot and few-shot classifiers, where task behaviour is largely controlled through prompting. A growing number of works have observed that LLMs are sensitive to prompt variations, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Branislav Pecher , Michal Spiegel , Robert Belanec , Jan Cegin

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and Copilot, are transforming software development by automating code generation and, arguably, enable rapid prototyping, support education, and boost productivity. Therefore, correctness and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Robin Beer , Alexander Feix , Tim Guttzeit , Tamara Muras , Vincent Müller , Maurice Rauscher , Florian Schäffler , Welf Löwe

Current large language models (LLMs) often struggle to produce accurate responses on the first attempt for complex reasoning tasks like code generation. Prior research tackles this challenge by generating multiple candidate solutions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zeyao Ma , Xiaokang Zhang , Jing Zhang , Jifan Yu , Sijia Luo , Jie Tang

Automated unit test generators, particularly search-based software testing tools like EvoSuite, are capable of generating tests with high coverage. Although these generators alleviate the burden of writing unit tests, they often pose…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Amirhossein Deljouyi , Roham Koohestani , Maliheh Izadi , Andy Zaidman

Large language models (LLMs) and prompt engineering hold significant potential for advancing computer programming education through personalized instruction. This paper explores this potential by investigating three critical research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Tianyu Wang , Nianjun Zhou , Zhixiong Chen

Unit tests play a key role in ensuring the correctness of software. However, manually creating unit tests is a laborious task, motivating the need for automation. Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been applied to this problem,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Max Schäfer , Sarah Nadi , Aryaz Eghbali , Frank Tip

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to $``$learn in context$"$ based on the provided prompt has led to an explosive growth in their use, culminating in the proliferation of AI assistants such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Bard. These AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Namrata Shivagunde , Vladislav Lialin , Sherin Muckatira , Anna Rumshisky

Code pre-trained models (CodePTMs) have recently demonstrated significant success in code intelligence. To interpret these models, some probing methods have been applied. However, these methods fail to consider the inherent characteristics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Nuo Chen , Qiushi Sun , Renyu Zhu , Xiang Li , Xuesong Lu , Ming Gao

Code review is an essential process to ensure the quality of software that identifies potential software issues at an early stage of software development. Among all software issues, security issues are the most important to identify, as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yun Peng , Kisub Kim , Linghan Meng , Kui Liu

Recent development of large language models (LLMs) for code like CodeX and CodeT5+ demonstrates tremendous promise in achieving code intelligence. Their ability of synthesizing code that completes a program for performing a pre-defined task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Weimin Xiong , Yiwen Guo , Hao Chen