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Related papers: Towards a Complete Metamorphic Testing Pipeline

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Large language models (LLMs) have introduced substantial challenges to software quality assurance due to their generative, probabilistic, and open-ended nature, which intensifies the oracle problem and limits the applicability of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zheng Zheng , Zenghui Zhou , Yinwang Xu , Daixu Ren , Tsong Yueh Chen

Metamorphic testing is a popular approach that aims to alleviate the oracle problem in software testing. At the core of this approach are Metamorphic Relations (MRs), specifying properties that hold among multiple test inputs and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jon Ayerdi , Valerio Terragni , Gunel Jahangirova , Aitor Arrieta , Paolo Tonella

Self-driving cars have the potential to revolutionize transportation, but ensuring their safety remains a significant challenge. These systems must navigate a variety of unexpected scenarios on the road, and their complexity poses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Tony Zhang , Burak Kantarci , Umair Siddique

Matrices often represent important information in scientific applications and are involved in performing complex calculations. But systematically testing these applications is hard due to the oracle problem. Metamorphic testing is an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Karishma Rahman , Upulee Kanewala

Metamorphic testing (MT) alleviates the oracle problem by checking metamorphic relations (MRs) across multiple test executions. The fault detection effectiveness of MT is influenced not only by the choice and quality of MRs, but also by how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zenghui Zhou , Pak-Lok Poon , Zheng Zheng , Xiao-Yi Zhang

With the wide application of machine translation, the testing of Machine Translation Systems (MTSs) has attracted much attention. Recent works apply Metamorphic Testing (MT) to address the oracle problem in MTS testing. Existing MT methods…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Xiaoyuan Xie , Shuo Jin , Songqiang Chen , Shing-Chi Cheung

Metamorphic testing (TM) examines the relations between inputs and outputs of test runs. These relations are known as metamorphic relations (MR). Currently, MRs are handpicked and require in-depth knowledge of the System Under Test (SUT),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Alejandra Duque-Torres , Dietmar Pfahl , Claus Klammer , Stefan Fischer

Metamorphic testing (MT) is a widely recognized technique for alleviating the oracle problem in software testing. However, its adoption is hindered by the difficulty of constructing effective metamorphic relations (MRs), which often require…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Congying Xu , Hengcheng Zhu , Songqiang Chen , Jiarong Wu , Valerio Terragni , Shing-Chi Cheung

Metamorphic testing seeks to validate software in the absence of test oracles. Our application domain is ocean modeling, where test oracles often do not exist, but where symmetries of the simulated physical systems are known. In this short…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Dilip J. Hiremath , Martin Claus , Wilhelm Hasselbring , Willi Rath

Metamorphic testing is a testing method for problems without test oracles. Integration testing allows for detecting errors in complex systems that may not be found during the testing of their components. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Sofia F. Yakusheva , Anton S. Khritankov

In many industrial domains, the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) is used to exchange simulation models as Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs) across different partners using various modelling tools. This opens up the possibilities for…

With the widespread application of LLM-based dialogue systems in daily life, quality assurance has become more important than ever. Recent research has successfully introduced methods to identify unexpected behaviour in single-turn testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Guoxiang Guo , Aldeida Aleti , Neelofar Neelofar , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yuanyuan Qi , Tsong Yueh Chen

Metamorphic Relations (MRs) serve as a foundational mechanism for generating semantically equivalent mutations. Software engineering has advanced significantly in recent years with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mostafijur Rahman Akhond , Gias Uddin

Metamorphic testing is a well known approach to tackle the oracle problem in software testing. This technique requires the use of source test cases that serve as seeds for the generation of follow-up test cases. Systematic design of test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Prashanta Saha , Upulee Kanewala

Assessing the trustworthiness of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as robustness, has garnered significant attention. Recently, metamorphic testing that defines Metamorphic Relations (MRs) has been widely applied to evaluate the robustness…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sangwon Hyun , Shaukat Ali , M. Ali Babar

Machine learning may enable the automated generation of test oracles. We have characterized emerging research in this area through a systematic literature review examining oracle types, researcher goals, the ML techniques applied, how the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Afonso Fontes , Gregory Gay

The ability to generate test data is often a necessary prerequisite for automated software testing. For the generated data to be fit for its intended purpose, the data usually has to satisfy various logical constraints. When testing is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Ghanem Soltana , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh , Lionel C. Briand

While a recent study reveals that many developer-written test cases can encode a reusable Metamorphic Relation (MR), over 70% of them directly hard-code the source input and follow-up input in the encoded relation. Such encoded MRs, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Congying Xu , Songqiang Chen , Jiarong Wu , Shing-Chi Cheung , Valerio Terragni , Hengcheng Zhu , Jialun Cao

Autonomous driving has gained much attention from both industry and academia. Currently, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely used for perception and control in autonomous driving. However, several fatal accidents caused by autonomous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Yao Deng , Xi Zheng , Tianyi Zhang , Guannan Lou , Huai liu , Miryung Kim , Tsong Yueh Chen

Regression is one of the most commonly used statistical techniques. However, testing regression systems is a great challenge because of the absence of test oracle in general. In this paper, we show that Metamorphic Testing is an effective…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-24 Quang-Hung Luu , Man F. Lau , Sebastian P. H. Ng , Tsong Yueh Chen