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Bayesian optimization (BO) is a framework for global optimization of expensive-to-evaluate objective functions. Classical BO methods assume that the objective function is a black box. However, internal information about objective function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Raul Astudillo , Peter I. Frazier

Bayesian optimization is a powerful method for optimizing black-box functions with limited function evaluations. Recent works have shown that optimization in a latent space through deep generative models such as variational autoencoders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Seunghun Lee , Jaewon Chu , Sihyeon Kim , Juyeon Ko , Hyunwoo J. Kim

When gradient-based methods are impractical, black-box optimization (BBO) provides a valuable alternative. However, BBO often struggles with high-dimensional problems and limited trial budgets. In this work, we propose a novel approach…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Riccardo Busetto , Manas Mejari , Marco Forgione , Alberto Bemporad , Dario Piga

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular framework to optimize black-box functions. In many applications, the objective function can be evaluated at multiple fidelities to enable a trade-off between the cost and accuracy. To reduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Shibo Li , Wei Xing , Mike Kirby , Shandian Zhe

For a wide range of applications the structure of systems like Neural Networks or complex simulations, is unknown and approximation is costly or even impossible. Black-box optimization seeks to find optimal (hyper-) parameters for these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Janina Schreiber , Damar Wicaksono , Michael Hecht

The core challenge of high-dimensional and expensive black-box optimization (BBO) is how to obtain better performance faster with little function evaluation cost. The essence of the problem is how to design an efficient optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Xiaobin Li , Kai Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Handing Wang , Jing Liu

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular method for optimizing expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions. BO budgets are typically given in iterations, which implicitly assumes each evaluation has the same cost. In fact, in many BO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Eric Hans Lee , David Eriksson , Valerio Perrone , Matthias Seeger

Gradient-free black-box optimization (BBO) is widely used in engineering design and provides a flexible framework for topology optimization (TO), enabling the discovery of high-performing structural designs without requiring gradient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jelle Westra , Iván Olarte Rodríguez , Niki van Stein , Thomas Bäck , Elena Raponi

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful black-box optimization framework that looks to efficiently learn the global optimum of an unknown system by systematically trading-off between exploration and exploitation. However, the use of BO as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-28 Dinesh Krishnamoorthy , Joel A. Paulson

Scientific discovery is increasingly constrained by costly experiments and limited resources, underscoring the need for efficient optimization in AI for science. Bayesian Optimization (BO), though widely adopted for balancing exploration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xinzhe Yuan , Zhuo Chen , Jianshu Zhang , Huan Xiong , Nanyang Ye , Yuqiang Li , Qinying Gu

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a principled approach to molecular design tasks. In this paper we explain three pitfalls of BO which can cause poor empirical performance: an incorrect prior width, over-smoothing, and inadequate acquisition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Austin Tripp , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Many real world scientific and industrial applications require optimizing multiple competing black-box objectives. When the objectives are expensive-to-evaluate, multi-objective Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular approach because of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Samuel Daulton , David Eriksson , Maximilian Balandat , Eytan Bakshy

Real-world problems often involve the optimization of several objectives under multiple constraints. An example is the hyper-parameter tuning problem of machine learning algorithms. In particular, the minimization of the estimation of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-02 Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán , Daniel Hernández-Lobato

Bayesian optimisation is a popular method for efficient optimisation of expensive black-box functions. Traditionally, BO assumes that the search space is known. However, in many problems, this assumption does not hold. To this end, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-28 Hung Tran-The , Sunil Gupta , Santu Rana , Huong Ha , Svetha Venkatesh

The aim of black-box optimization is to optimize an objective function within the constraints of a given evaluation budget. In this problem, it is generally assumed that the computational cost for evaluating a point is large; thus, it is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-03 Masahiro Nomura , Kenshi Abe

This study investigates the application of Bayesian Optimization (BO) for the hyperparameter tuning of neural networks, specifically targeting the enhancement of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for image classification tasks. Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Gabriele Onorato

We present mlrMBO, a flexible and comprehensive R toolbox for model-based optimization (MBO), also known as Bayesian optimization, which addresses the problem of expensive black-box optimization by approximating the given objective function…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-04 Bernd Bischl , Jakob Richter , Jakob Bossek , Daniel Horn , Janek Thomas , Michel Lang

Bayesian optimization (BO) is an approach to globally optimizing black-box objective functions that are expensive to evaluate. BO-powered experimental design has found wide application in materials science, chemistry, experimental physics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Mimi Zhang , Andrew Parnell , Dermot Brabazon , Alessio Benavoli

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is an effective method for optimizing expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions with a wide range of applications for example in robotics, system design and parameter optimization. However, scaling BO to problems…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-22 Lukas P. Fröhlich , Edgar D. Klenske , Christian G. Daniel , Melanie N. Zeilinger

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a widely popular approach for the hyperparameter optimization (HPO) in machine learning. At its core, BO iteratively evaluates promising configurations until a user-defined budget, such as wall-clock time or…