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The most basic assumption used in statistical learning theory is that training data and test data are drawn from the same underlying distribution. Unfortunately, in many applications, the "in-domain" test data is drawn from a distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-09-30 H. Daume , D. Marcu

Recent research shows that in-context learning (ICL) can be effective even when demonstrations have missing or incorrect labels. To shed light on this capability, we examine a canonical setting where the demonstrations are drawn according…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yingcong Li , Xiangyu Chang , Muti Kara , Xiaofeng Liu , Amit Roy-Chowdhury , Samet Oymak

In the context of supervised statistical learning, it is typically assumed that the training set comes from the same distribution that draws the test samples. When this is not the case, the behavior of the learned model is unpredictable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Antonio-Javier Gallego , Jorge Calvo-Zaragoza , Robert B. Fisher

This work proposes a novel method for semi-supervised learning from partially labeled massive network-structured datasets, i.e., big data over networks. We model the underlying hypothesis, which relates data points to labels, as a graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Alexander Jung , Alfred O. Hero , Alexandru Mara , Saeed Jahromi

Recently, pseudo label based semi-supervised learning has achieved great success in many fields. The core idea of the pseudo label based semi-supervised learning algorithm is to use the model trained on the labeled data to generate pseudo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Zeping Min , Qian Ge , Cheng Tai

In this study, a novel idea, Uncertainty Structure Estimation (USE), a lightweight, algorithm-agnostic procedure that emphasizes the often-overlooked role of unlabeled data quality is introduced for Semi-supervised learning (SSL). SSL has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tsao-Lun Chen , Chien-Liang Liu , Tzu-Ming Harry Hsu , Tai-Hsien Wu , Chi-Cheng Fu , Han-Yi E. Chou , Shun-Feng Su

Multimodal models ideally should generalize to unseen domains while remaining data-efficient to reduce annotation costs. To this end, we introduce and study a new problem, Semi-Supervised Multimodal Domain Generalization (SSMDG), which aims…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Hongzhao Li , Hao Dong , Hualei Wan , Shupan Li , Mingliang Xu , Muhammad Haris Khan

We consider semi-supervised classification when part of the available data is unlabeled. These unlabeled data can be useful for the classification problem when we make an assumption relating the behavior of the regression function to that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Philippe Rigollet

Amortized Bayesian inference (ABI) with neural networks can solve probabilistic inverse problems orders of magnitude faster than classical methods. However, ABI is not yet sufficiently robust for widespread and safe application. When…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Aayush Mishra , Daniel Habermann , Marvin Schmitt , Stefan T. Radev , Paul-Christian Bürkner

A growing specter in the rise of machine learning is whether the decisions made by machine learning models are fair. While research is already underway to formalize a machine-learning concept of fairness and to design frameworks for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Tao Zhang , Tianqing Zhu , Jing Li , Mengde Han , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Existing semi-supervised learning algorithms adopt pseudo-labeling and consistency regulation techniques to introduce supervision signals for unlabeled samples. To overcome the inherent limitation of threshold-based pseudo-labeling, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Zhiyu Wu , Jinshi Cui

The existing continual learning methods are mainly focused on fully-supervised scenarios and are still not able to take advantage of unlabeled data available in the environment. Some recent works tried to investigate semi-supervised…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) learning often relies heavily on statistical approaches or predefined assumptions about OOD data distributions, hindering their efficacy in addressing multifaceted challenges of OOD generalization and OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Haoyue Bai , Xuefeng Du , Katie Rainey , Shibin Parameswaran , Yixuan Li

Unsupervised domain adaptation seeks to learn an invariant and discriminative representation for an unlabeled target domain by leveraging the information of a labeled source dataset. We propose to improve the discriminative ability of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Rui Wang , Guoyin Wang , Ricardo Henao

The incorporation of unlabeled data in regression and classification analysis is an increasing focus of the applied statistics and machine learning literatures, with a number of recent examples demonstrating the potential for unlabeled data…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-09-29 Feng Liang , Sayan Mukherjee , Mike West

Learning from fully-unlabeled data is challenging in Multimedia Forensics problems, such as Person Re-Identification and Text Authorship Attribution. Recent self-supervised learning methods have shown to be effective when dealing with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Gabriel Bertocco , Antônio Theophilo , Fernanda Andaló , Anderson Rocha

Open-world semi-supervised learning (OWSSL) extends conventional semi-supervised learning to open-world scenarios by taking account of novel categories in unlabeled datasets. Despite the recent advancements in OWSSL, the success often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Seongheon Park , Hyuk Kwon , Kwanghoon Sohn , Kibok Lee

Self-training, a semi-supervised learning algorithm, leverages a large amount of unlabeled data to improve learning when the labeled data are limited. Despite empirical successes, its theoretical characterization remains elusive. To the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Shuai Zhang , Meng Wang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Jinjun Xiong

Though remarkable progress has been achieved in various vision tasks, deep neural networks still suffer obvious performance degradation when tested in out-of-distribution scenarios. We argue that the feature statistics (mean and standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Xiaotong Li , Yongxing Dai , Yixiao Ge , Jun Liu , Ying Shan , Ling-Yu Duan

Empirical risk minimization often performs poorly when the distribution of the target domain differs from those of source domains. To address such potential distribution shifts, we develop an unsupervised domain adaptation approach that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-25 Zhenyu Wang , Peter Bühlmann , Zijian Guo
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