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Proactive large language model (LLM) agents aim to actively plan, query, and interact over multiple turns, enabling efficient task completion beyond passive instruction following and making them essential for real-world, user-centric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Haohong Lin , Shiqi Liu , Zuxin Liu , Jiacheng Zhu , Zhang-Wei Hong , Laixi Shi , Ding Zhao

A key method for creating Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents is Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, constructing a standalone RL policy that maps perception to action directly encounters severe problems, chief among them being its lack…

Memory-augmented LLM agents maintain external memory banks to support long-horizon interaction, yet most existing systems treat construction, retrieval, and utilization as isolated subroutines. This creates two coupled challenges: strategic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Minhua Lin , Zhiwei Zhang , Hanqing Lu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

Classical robotic systems typically rely on custom planners designed for constrained environments. While effective in restricted settings, these systems lack generalization capabilities, limiting the scalability of embodied AI and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Guangming Wang , Qizhen Ying , Yixiong Jing , Olaf Wysocki , Brian Sheil

Despite their impressive capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often face challenges such as temporal misalignment and generating hallucinatory content. Enhancing LLMs with retrieval mechanisms to fetch relevant information from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yige Shen , Hao Jiang , Hua Qu , Jihong Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

Traditional agentic workflows rely on external prompts to manage interactions with tools and the environment, which limits the autonomy of reasoning models. We position \emph{Large Agent Models (LAMs)} that internalize the generation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yuxiang Zhang , Yuqi Yang , Jiangming Shu , Xinyan Wen , Jitao Sang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents capable of reasoning, planning, and acting within interactive environments. Despite their growing capability to perform multi-step reasoning and decision-making…

Although Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are effective in well-defined environments, they often struggle to generalize their learned policies to dynamic settings due to their reliance on trial-and-error interactions. Recent work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zhihao Dou , Dongfei Cui , Jun Yan , Weida Wang , Benteng Chen , Haoming Wang , Zeke Xie , Shufei Zhang

Reasoning models have recently shown remarkable progress in domains such as math and coding. However, their expert-level abilities in math and coding contrast sharply with their performance in long-horizon, interactive tasks such as web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xiao Yu , Baolin Peng , Michel Galley , Hao Cheng , Qianhui Wu , Janardhan Kulkarni , Suman Nath , Zhou Yu , Jianfeng Gao

Reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs) have generally advanced significantly. However, it is still challenging for existing reasoning-based LLMs to perform effective decision-making abilities in multi-agent environments, due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jiashuo Wang , Jiawen Duan , Jian Wang , Kaitao Song , Chunpu Xu , Johnny K. W. Ho , Fenggang Yu , Wenjie Li , Johan F. Hoorn

Inspired by the dual-process theory of human cognition from \textit{Thinking, Fast and Slow}, we introduce \textbf{PRIME} (Planning and Retrieval-Integrated Memory for Enhanced Reasoning), a multi-agent reasoning framework that dynamically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Hieu Tran , Zonghai Yao , Nguyen Luong Tran , Zhichao Yang , Feiyun Ouyang , Shuo Han , Razieh Rahimi , Hong Yu

Language agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding, reasoning, and executing complex tasks. However, developing robust agents presents significant challenges: substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Qianqian Zhang , Jiajia Liao , Heting Ying , Yibo Ma , Haozhan Shen , Jingcheng Li , Peng Liu , Lu Zhang , Chunxin Fang , Kyusong Lee , Ruochen Xu , Tiancheng Zhao

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents exhibit inherent reasoning abilities through the collaboration of multiple tools. However, during agent inference, existing methods often suffer from (i) locally myopic generation, due to the absence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jian Zhang , Zhiyuan Wang , Zhangqi Wang , Yu He , Haoran Luo , li yuan , Lingling Zhang , Rui Mao , Qika Lin , Jun Liu

The rapid deployment of autonomous AI agents across enterprise, healthcare, and safety-critical environments has created a fundamental governance gap. Existing approaches, runtime guardrails, training-time alignment, and post-hoc auditing…

Autonomous vehicles inevitably encounter a vast array of scenarios in real-world environments. Addressing long-tail scenarios, particularly those involving intensive interactions with numerous traffic participants, remains one of the most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Guanzhou Li , Jianping Wu , Yujing He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language tasks requiring complex reasoning, yet their application in agentic, multi-step reasoning within interactive environments remains a difficult challenge.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Pranav Putta , Edmund Mills , Naman Garg , Sumeet Motwani , Chelsea Finn , Divyansh Garg , Rafael Rafailov

Latent reasoning represents a new development in Transformer language models that has shown potential in compressing reasoning lengths compared to chain-of-thought reasoning. By directly passing the information-rich previous final latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Alex Ning , Yen-Ling Kuo , Gabe Gomes

The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactive systems has enabled the creation of dynamic, open-ended Role-Playing Agents (RPAs). However, evaluating these agents remains a significant challenge, as standard NLP metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Riccardo Rosati , Edoardo Colucci , Massimiliano Bolognini , Adriano Mancini , Paolo Sernani