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Reinforcement learning provides a general framework for learning robotic skills while minimizing engineering effort. However, most reinforcement learning algorithms assume that a well-designed reward function is provided, and learn a single…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Archit Sharma , Michael Ahn , Sergey Levine , Vikash Kumar , Karol Hausman , Shixiang Gu

Unsupervised reinforcement learning aims to acquire skills without prior goal representations, where an agent automatically explores an open-ended environment to represent goals and learn the goal-conditioned policy. However, this procedure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Jinxin Liu , Hao Shen , Donglin Wang , Yachen Kang , Qiangxing Tian

In the field of unsupervised skill discovery (USD), a major challenge is limited exploration, primarily due to substantial penalties when skills deviate from their initial trajectories. To enhance exploration, recent methodologies employ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Hyunseung Kim , Byungkun Lee , Hojoon Lee , Dongyoon Hwang , Sejik Park , Kyushik Min , Jaegul Choo

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training neural policies to solve complex control tasks. However, these policies tend to be overfit to the exact specifications of the task and environment they were…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Felix Chalumeau , Raphael Boige , Bryan Lim , Valentin Macé , Maxime Allard , Arthur Flajolet , Antoine Cully , Thomas Pierrot

Reinforcement learning (RL) has made significant progress in various domains, but scaling it to long-horizon tasks with complex decision-making remains challenging. Skill learning attempts to address this by abstracting actions into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jinwoo Choi , Seung-Woo Seo

Skills are essential for unlocking higher levels of problem solving. A common approach to discovering these skills is to learn ones that reliably reach different states, thus empowering the agent to control its environment. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jonathan Colaço Carr , Qinyi Sun , Cameron Allen

A hallmark of intelligent agents is the ability to learn reusable skills purely from unsupervised interaction with the environment. However, existing unsupervised skill discovery methods often learn entangled skills where one skill variable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Jiaheng Hu , Zizhao Wang , Peter Stone , Roberto Martín-Martín

Unsupervised skill discovery aims to acquire behavior primitives that improve exploration and accelerate downstream task learning. However, existing approaches often ignore the geometric symmetries of physical environments, leading to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Junwoo Chang , Joseph Park , Roberto Horowitz , Jongmin Lee , Jongeun Choi

Unsupervised skill discovery in reinforcement learning aims to intrinsically motivate agents to discover diverse and useful behaviours. However, unconstrained approaches can produce unsafe, unethical, or misaligned behaviours. To mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Maxence Hussonnois , Thommen George Karimpanal , Santu Rana

Unsupervised Skill Discovery (USD) allows agents to autonomously learn diverse behaviors without task-specific rewards. While recent USD methods have shown promise, their application to real-world robotics remains underexplored. In this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Rafael Cathomen , Mayank Mittal , Marin Vlastelica , Marco Hutter

Exploration is crucial for enabling legged robots to learn agile locomotion behaviors that can overcome diverse obstacles. However, such exploration is inherently challenging, and we often rely on extensive reward engineering, expert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Seungeun Rho , Kartik Garg , Morgan Byrd , Sehoon Ha

Autonomous skill discovery aims to enable robots to acquire diverse behaviors without explicit supervision. Learning such behaviors directly on physical hardware remains challenging due to safety and data efficiency constraints. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Luca Grillotti , Lisa Coiffard , Oscar Pang , Maxence Faldor , Antoine Cully

Reward-free, unsupervised discovery of skills is an attractive alternative to the bottleneck of hand-designing rewards in environments where task supervision is scarce or expensive. However, current skill pre-training methods, like many RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Nur Muhammad Shafiullah , Lerrel Pinto

Quality-Diversity algorithms provide efficient mechanisms to generate large collections of diverse and high-performing solutions, which have shown to be instrumental for solving downstream tasks. However, most of those algorithms rely on a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Luca Grillotti , Antoine Cully

Learning diverse skills is one of the main challenges in robotics. To this end, imitation learning approaches have achieved impressive results. These methods require explicitly labeled datasets or assume consistent skill execution to enable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Chenhao Li , Sebastian Blaes , Pavel Kolev , Marin Vlastelica , Jonas Frey , Georg Martius

Conventionally, model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) aims to learn a global model for the dynamics of the environment. A good model can potentially enable planning algorithms to generate a large variety of behaviors and solve diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Archit Sharma , Shixiang Gu , Sergey Levine , Vikash Kumar , Karol Hausman

Language-conditioned robot behavior plays a vital role in executing complex tasks by associating human commands or instructions with perception and actions. The ability to compose long-horizon tasks based on unconstrained language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Zhaoxun Ju , Chao Yang , Hongbo Wang , Yu Qiao , Fuchun Sun

There has been significant recent progress in the area of unsupervised skill discovery, utilizing various information-theoretic objectives as measures of diversity. Despite these advances, challenges remain: current methods require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Marin Vlastelica , Jin Cheng , Georg Martius , Pavel Kolev

Skill-based reinforcement learning (SBRL) enables rapid adaptation in environments with sparse rewards by pretraining a skill-conditioned policy. Effective skill learning requires jointly maximizing both exploration and skill diversity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Geonwoo Cho , Jaemoon Lee , Jaegyun Im , Subi Lee , Jihwan Lee , Sundong Kim

Acquiring abilities in the absence of a task-oriented reward function is at the frontier of reinforcement learning research. This problem has been studied through the lens of empowerment, which draws a connection between option discovery…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Víctor Campos , Alexander Trott , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto , Jordi Torres