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Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited an impressive capability to perform reasoning tasks, especially if they are encouraged to generate a sequence of intermediate steps. Reasoning performance can be improved by suitably combining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Soumyasundar Pal , Didier Chételat , Yingxue Zhang , Mark Coates

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as the main paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Typically, RLHF involves the initial step of learning a reward model from human feedback,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for next-generation recommender systems, offering strong semantic understanding and natural-language reasoning abilities. Despite recent progress, current LLM-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shijun Li , Wooseong Yang , Yu Wang , Tianxin Wei , Joydeep Ghosh

Reinforcement learning (RL) can align language models with non-differentiable reward signals, such as human preferences. However, a major challenge arises from the sparsity of these reward signals - typically, there is only a single reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Meng Cao , Lei Shu , Lei Yu , Yun Zhu , Nevan Wichers , Yinxiao Liu , Lei Meng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong promise as rerankers, especially in ``listwise'' settings where an LLM is prompted to rerank several search results at once. However, this ``cascading'' retrieve-and-rerank approach is limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Mandeep Rathee , Sean MacAvaney , Avishek Anand

ChatGLM is a free-to-use AI service powered by the ChatGLM family of large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we present the ChatGLM-RLHF pipeline -- a reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) system -- designed to enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Zhenyu Hou , Yilin Niu , Zhengxiao Du , Xiaohan Zhang , Xiao Liu , Aohan Zeng , Qinkai Zheng , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a widely adopted approach for aligning large language models with human values. However, RLHF relies on a reward model that is trained with a limited amount of human preference data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Shun Zhang , Zhenfang Chen , Sunli Chen , Yikang Shen , Zhiqing Sun , Chuang Gan

Large language models (LLMs) excel at a range of tasks through in-context learning (ICL), where only a few task examples guide their predictions. However, prior research highlights that LLMs often overlook input-label mapping information in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Keqin Peng , Liang Ding , Yuanxin Ouyang , Meng Fang , Yancheng Yuan , Dacheng Tao

The majority of language model training builds on imitation learning. It covers pretraining, supervised fine-tuning, and affects the starting conditions for reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). The simplicity and scalability…

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become the standard approach for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, allowing LLMs to demonstrate remarkable abilities in various tasks. Existing methods work…

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied to a wide range of tasks, including text summarization, web navigation, and chatbots. They have benefitted from supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning from human feedback…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Ryan Aponte , Ryan A. Rossi , Shunan Guo , Franck Dernoncourt , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen , Subrata Mitra , Nedim Lipka

Pretrained language models often generate outputs that are not in line with human preferences, such as harmful text or factually incorrect summaries. Recent work approaches the above issues by learning from a simple form of human feedback:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Jérémy Scheurer , Jon Ander Campos , Tomasz Korbak , Jun Shern Chan , Angelica Chen , Kyunghyun Cho , Ethan Perez

Large language models (LLMs), with advanced linguistic capabilities, have been employed in reranking tasks through a sequence-to-sequence approach. In this paradigm, multiple passages are reranked in a listwise manner and a textual reranked…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Ruiyang Ren , Yuhao Wang , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Wenjie Wang , Jing Liu , Ji-Rong Wen , Tat-Seng Chua

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become the de facto standard practice for sequential decision-making problems by improving future acting policies with feedback. However, RL algorithms may require extensive trial-and-error interactions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Shenao Zhang , Sirui Zheng , Shuqi Ke , Zhihan Liu , Wanxin Jin , Jianbo Yuan , Yingxiang Yang , Hongxia Yang , Zhaoran Wang

Hallucination in large language models (LLMs) during long-form generation remains difficult to address under existing reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) frameworks, as their preference rewards often overlook the model's own…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Junliang Li , Yucheng Wang , Yan Chen , Yu Ran , Ruiqing Zhang , Jing Liu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Recently, contrastive learning has been shown to be effective in improving pre-trained language models (PLM) to derive high-quality sentence representations. It aims to pull close positive examples to enhance the alignment while push apart…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Kun Zhou , Beichen Zhang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Large vision-language models are steadily gaining personalization capabilities at the cost of fine-tuning or data augmentation. We present two models for image generation using model-agnostic learning that align semantic priors with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Aboli Marathe

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to their increased application across various tasks, with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) being a crucial part of their training to align responses with user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Ben Hauptvogel , Malte Ostendorff , Georg Rehm , Sebastian Möller

This paper studies retrieval-augmented approaches for personalizing large language models (LLMs), which potentially have a substantial impact on various applications and domains. We propose the first attempt to optimize the retrieval models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Alireza Salemi , Surya Kallumadi , Hamed Zamani

In-context learning with large language models (LLMs) excels at adapting to various tasks rapidly. However, its success hinges on carefully selecting demonstrations, which remains an obstacle in practice. Current approaches to this problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Shangqing Xu , Chao Zhang
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