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Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two distant parties to share encryption keys with security based on physical laws. Experimentally, it has been implemented with optical means, achieving key rates of 1.26 Megabit/s over 50 kilometres…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-19 Marco Lucamarini , Zhiliang Yuan , James F. Dynes , Andrew J. Shields

Optical telecommunication is at the heart of today's internet and is currently enabled by the transmission of intense optical signals between remote locations. As we look to the future of telecommunication, quantum mechanics promise new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-03 Fabian Furrer , William J. Munro

Quantum communication enables the implementation of tasks that are unachievable with classical resources. However, losses on the communication channel preclude the direct long-distance transmission of quantum information in many relevant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-02 Boxi Li , Tim Coopmans , David Elkouss

Quantum key distribution provides secure keys resistant to code-breaking quantum computers. The continuous-variable version of quantum key distribution offers the advantages of higher secret key rates in metropolitan areas, as well as the…

Networked entanglement is an essential component for a plethora of quantum computation and communication protocols. Direct transmission of quantum signals over long distances is prevented by fibre attenuation and the no-cloning theorem,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-26 Simon J. Devitt , Andrew D. Greentree , Ashley M. Stephens , Rodney Van Meter

The field of quantum communications promises the faithful distribution of quantum information, quantum entanglement, and absolutely secret keys. However, the highest rates of these tasks are fundamentally limited by the transmission…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Matthew Winnel

Quantum repeaters enable the generation of reliable entanglement across long distances despite the underlying channel noise. Nevertheless, realizing quantum repeaters poses a difficult engineering challenge due to various device constraints…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Shin Sun , Daniel Bhatti , Shaobo Gao , David Elkouss , Hiroki Takahashi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables information-theoretic secure communication, yet its ultimate tolerance to noise and achievable transmission distance remain fundamentally constrained. We establish the maximum quantum bit error rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Stefano Pirandola

Covert communication offers a method to transmit messages in such a way that it is not possible to detect that the communication is happening at all. In this work, we report an experimental demonstration of covert communication that is…

We experimentally realized a new method for transmitting quantum information reliably through paired optical polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers. The physical setup extends the use of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, where noises are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-08 Jin-Shi Xu , Man-Hong Yung , Xiao-Ye Xu , Jian-Shun Tang , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum memories, capable of controllably storing and releasing a photon, are a crucial component for quantum computers and quantum communications. So far, quantum memories have operated with bandwidths that limit data rates to MHz. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 K. F. Reim , J. Nunn , V. O. Lorenz , B. J. Sussman , K. C. Lee , N. K. Langford , D. Jaksch , I. A. Walmsley

A protocol with the potential of beating the existing distance records for conventional quantum key distribution (QKD) systems is proposed. It borrows ideas from quantum repeaters by using memories in the middle of the link, and that of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-02 Christiana Panayi , Mohsen Razavi , Xiongfeng Ma , Norbert Lütkenhaus

The exponential growth in the rate at which information can be communicated through an optical fiber is a key element in the so called information revolution. However, like all exponential growth laws, there are physical limits to be…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Partha P. Mitra , Jason B. Stark

Quantum repeaters promise to deliver long-distance entanglement overcoming noise and loss in realistic quantum channels. A promising class of repeaters, based on atomic ensemble quantum memories and linear optics, follow the proposal by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-05 Jonatan Bohr Brask , Anders Sondberg Sorensen

Academia, governments, and industry around the world are on a quest to build long-distance quantum communication networks for a future quantum internet. Using air and fiber channels, quantum communication quickly faced the daunting…

To realize long-distance quantum communication and quantum network, it is required to have multiplexed quantum memory with many memory cells. Each memory cell needs to be individually addressable and independently accessible. Here we report…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Y. -F. Pu , N. Jiang , W. Chang , H. -X. Yang , C. Li , L. -M. Duan

A quantum repeater scheme based on cavity-QED and quantum error correction of channel loss via rotation-symmetric bosonic codes (RSBC) is proposed to distribute atomic entangled states over long distances without memories and at high clock…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-21 Pei-Zhe Li , Peter van Loock

Quantum computing and quantum communication, have been greatly developed in recent years and expected to contribute to quantum internet technologies, including cloud quantum computing and unconditionally secure communication. However,…

The ability for quantum and conventional networks to operate in the same optical fibers would aid the deployment of quantum network technology on a large scale. Quantum teleportation is a fundamental operation in quantum networking, but has…

Quantum memory systems are vital in quantum information processing for dependable storage and retrieval of quantum states. Inspired by classical reliability theories that synthesize reliable computing systems from unreliable components, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Anuj K. Nayak , Eric Chitambar , Lav R. Varshney