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Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) astrometry is a well established technique for achieving $\pm10~\mu$as parallax accuracies at frequencies well above 10~GHz. At lower frequencies, uncompensated interferometer delays associated with…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-15 Lucas J. Hyland , Mark J. Reid , Simon P. Ellingsen , Maria J. Rioja , Richard Dodson , Gabor Orosz , Colin R. Masson , Jamie M. McCallum

The next generation of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is stepping into the era of microarcsecond ($\mu$as) astronomy, and pushing astronomy, especially astrometry, to new heights. VLBI with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA),…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-04-24 Yingjie Li , Ye Xu , Jingjing Li , Shuaibo Bian , Zehao Lin , Chaojie Hao , Dejian Liu

A new generation of interferometric instruments is emerging which aim to use intensity mapping of redshifted $21\,$cm radiation to measure the large-scale structure of the Universe at $z\simeq 1-2$ over wide areas of sky. While these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-16 Martin White , Nikhil Padmanabhan

The arrival of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) will revitalise all aspects of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) astronomy at the lower frequencies. In the last decade there have been huge strides towards routinely achieving high…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-15 Maria J. Rioja , Richard Dodson , Gabor Orosz , Hiroshi Imai , Sandor Frey

This paper presents the CosmicWeb-21cm array, a novel radio interferometer designed to overcome the key challenges in 21 cm cosmology. Its core innovations include: (1) a multi-scale nested geometry combining a hexagonal core with…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-03 Jiancheng Wang , Jirong Mao , Xiangming Cheng , Yigong Zhang , Jie Su , Xiaogu Zhong , Min Wang , Zhigang Zhang , Qingwei Wang , Yonghua Xu , Zhixuan Li , Longhua Qin , Zhengjun Zhang

The Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA) is the highest angular resolution imaging interferometer currently available as a common user facility. It is capable of angular resolutions on the order of 40 microarcseconds. Currently 14 stations in the…

Intensity interferometry exploits a quantum optical effect in order to measure objects with extremely small angular scales. The first experiment to use this technique was the Narrabri intensity interferometer, which was successfully used in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 W. J. de Wit , S. Le Bohec , J. A. Hinton , R. , J. White , M. K. Daniel , J. Holder

The Packed Ultra-wideband Mapping Array (PUMA) is a proposed low-resolution transit interferometric radio telescope operating over the frequency range 200 - 1100MHz. Its rich science portfolio will include measuring structure in the…

The scientific motivation is reviewed for a next generation radio observatory operating at frequencies between about 200 MHz and 2 GHz with about 2 orders of magnitude greater sensitivity than that which is currently available, together…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-03 Robert Braun

This article reports the advances on the development of mid-infrared integrated optics for stellar interferometry. The devices are fabricated by laser writing techniques on chalcogenide glasses. Laboratory characterizaton is reported and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 L. Labadie , Guillermo Martin , Airan Rodenas , Norman C. Anheier , Brahim Arezki , Robert R. Thomson , Hong A. Qiao , Pierre Kern , Ajoy K. Kar , Bruce E. Bernacki

Heterodyne receivers register the sky signal on either a circular polarization basis (where it is split into left-hand and right-hand circular polarization) or a linear polarization basis (where it is split into horizontal and vertical…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-09 Ivan Marti-Vidal , Alan Roy , John Conway , Anton J. Zensus

Radio interferometers are phased arrays producing high-resolution images from the covariance matrix of measurements. Calibration of such instruments is necessary and is a critical task. This is how the estimation of instrumental errors is…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-26 Yassine Mhiri , Mohammed Nabil El Korso , Arnaud Breloy , Pascal Larzabal

The CHARA Array is a six 1-m telescope optical/IR interferometric array located on Mount Wilson California, designed and built by the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy of Georgia State University. In this paper we describe the…

The Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is studying a space VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometer) program. The ultimate objective of the program is to image the immediate vicinity of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-01 Xiaoyu Hong , Zhiqiang Shen , Tao An , Qinghui Liu , the Chinese Space VLBI Array team

Infrared interferometry has seen a revolution over the last few years. The advent of GRAVITY+ is about to enable high-contrast observations, all-sky coverage and faint science up to K=21, with the implementation on 8m-class telescope of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-30 G. Bourdarot , F. Eisenhauer

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array remains the largest mm radio interferometer observatory world-wide. It is now conducting its 11th observing cycle. In our previous paper presented at this conference series in 2020, we…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-09 Dirk Petry , María Díaz Trigo , Rüdiger Kneissl , Ignacio Toledo , Atsushi Miyazaki , Toshinobu Takagi , Ashley Barnes , Francesca Bonanomi

The Gaia celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF) will benefit from a close assessment with independent methods, such as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) measurements of radio stars at bright magnitudes. However, obtaining full…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-27 Jingdong Zhang , Bo Zhang , Shuangjing Xu , Niu Liu , Wen Chen , Hao Ding , Pengfei Jiang , Yan Sun , Jinqing Wang , Lang Cui , Shiming Wen , Xiaofeng Mai , Jinling Li , Fengchun Shu , Yidan Huang

Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry is a radio astronomy technique distinguished by a record-high angular resolution reaching single-digit microseconds of arc. The paper provides a brief account of the history of developments of this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-27 Leonid I. Gurvits

Radio interferometry most commonly involves antennas or antenna arrays of identical design. The identical antenna assumption leads to a convenient and useful mathematical simplification resulting in a scalar problem. An interesting variant…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-11 Adrian T. Sutinjo , Daniel Ung , Tim M. Colegate , Randall B. Wayth , Peter J. Hall , Eloy de Lera Acedo

The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) technique offers angular resolutions superior to any other instruments at other wavelengths, enabling unique science applications of high-resolution imaging of radio sources and high-precision…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-06 T. An , B. W. Sohn , H. Imai