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Digital Twins (DTs), optimize operations and monitor performance in Smart Critical Systems (SCS) domains like smart grids and manufacturing. DT-based cybersecurity solutions are in their infancy, lacking a unified strategy to overcome…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Ahmad Mohsin , Helge Janicke , Surya Nepal , David Holmes

The real-time supervision of production processes is a common challenge across several industries. It targets process component monitoring and its predictive maintenance in order to ensure safety, uninterrupted production and maintain high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Osimone Imhogiemhe , Yoann Jus , Hubert Lejeune , Saïd Moussaoui

This study aims to improve photon counting CT (PCCT) image resolution using denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPM). Although DDPMs have shown superior performance when applied to various computer vision tasks, their effectiveness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Chuang Niu , Christopher Wiedeman , Mengzhou Li , Jonathan S Maltz , Ge Wang

Commonly adopted in the manufacturing and aerospace sectors, digital twin (DT) platforms are increasingly seen as a promising paradigm to control, monitor, and analyze software-based, "open", communication systems. Notably, DT platforms…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-30 Clement Ruah , Osvaldo Simeone , Bashir Al-Hashimi

With the incredible results achieved from generative pre-trained transformers (GPT) and diffusion models, generative AI (GenAI) is envisioned to yield remarkable breakthroughs in various industrial and academic domains. In this paper, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Mehdi Letafati , Samad Ali , Matti Latva-aho

Despite the proliferation of generative models, achieving fast sampling during inference without compromising sample diversity and quality remains challenging. Existing models such as Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) deliver…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yanwu Xu , Mingming Gong , Shaoan Xie , Wei Wei , Matthias Grundmann , Kayhan Batmanghelich , Tingbo Hou

Foundation models are trained on a large amount of data to learn generic patterns. Consequently, these models can be used and fine-tuned for various purposes. Naturally, studying such models' use in the context of digital twins for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Shaukat Ali , Paolo Arcaini , Aitor Arrieta

Diffusion models have achieved cutting-edge performance in image generation. However, their lengthy denoising process and computationally intensive score estimation network impede their scalability in low-latency and resource-constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Qian Zeng , Jie Song , Han Zheng , Hao Jiang , Mingli Song

The Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DPM) has recently gained popularity in the field of computer vision, thanks to its image generation applications, such as Imagen, Latent Diffusion Models, and Stable Diffusion, which have demonstrated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-27 Junde Wu , Wei Ji , Huazhu Fu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin , Yanwu Xu

Generative AI has received significant attention among a spectrum of diverse industrial and academic domains, thanks to the magnificent results achieved from deep generative models such as generative pre-trained transformers (GPT) and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Mehdi Letafati , Samad Ali , Matti Latva-aho

Realizing the potential gains of large-scale MIMO systems requires the accurate estimation of their channels or the fine adjustment of their narrow beams. This, however, is typically associated with high channel acquisition/beam sweeping…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-19 Shuaifeng Jiang , Ahmed Alkhateeb

By amalgamating recent communication and control technologies, computing and data analytics techniques, and modular manufacturing, Industry~4.0 promotes integrating cyber-physical worlds through cyber-physical systems (CPS) and digital twin…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Shah Zeb , Aamir Mahmood , Syed Ali Hassan , MD. Jalil Piran , Mikael Gidlund , Mohsen Guizani

Diffusion models have emerged as a prominent technique in generative modeling with neural networks, making their mark in tasks like text-to-image translation and super-resolution. In this tutorial, we provide a comprehensive guide to build…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-24 Harshith Bachimanchi , Giovanni Volpe

Diffusion Probabilistic Models stand as a critical tool in generative modelling, enabling the generation of complex data distributions. This family of generative models yields record-breaking performance in tasks such as image synthesis,…

The denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) has emerged as a mainstream generative model in generative AI. While sharp convergence guarantees have been established for the DDPM, the iteration complexity is, in general, proportional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zhihan Huang , Yuting Wei , Yuxin Chen

This survey examines recent advances in generating digital twins from visual data. These digital twins - virtual 3D replicas of physical assets - can be applied to robotics, media content creation, design or construction workflows. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Andrew Melnik , Benjamin Alt , Giang Nguyen , Artur Wilkowski , Maciej Stefańczyk , Qirui Wu , Sinan Harms , Helge Rhodin , Manolis Savva , Michael Beetz

The development of Digital Twins (DTs) represents a transformative advance for simulating and optimizing complex systems in a controlled digital space. Despite their potential, the challenge of constructing DTs that accurately replicate and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-21 Longfei Ma , Nan Cheng , Xiucheng Wang , Jiong Chen , Yinjun Gao , Dongxiao Zhang , Jun-Jie Zhang

Diffusion models have emerged as effective tools for generating diverse and high-quality content. However, their capability in high-resolution image generation, particularly for panoramic images, still faces challenges such as visible seams…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Teng Zhou , Yongchuan Tang

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) have made great strides in generating high-quality samples in both discrete and continuous domains. However, Discrete DDPMs (D3PMs) have yet to be applied to the domain of Symbolic Music.…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Matthias Plasser , Silvan Peter , Gerhard Widmer

This study aims to develop a novel Cycle-guided Denoising Diffusion Probability Model (CG-DDPM) for cross-modality MRI synthesis. The CG-DDPM deploys two DDPMs that condition each other to generate synthetic images from two different MRI…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-02 Shaoyan Pan , Chih-Wei Chang , Junbo Peng , Jiahan Zhang , Richard L. J. Qiu , Tonghe Wang , Justin Roper , Tian Liu , Hui Mao , Xiaofeng Yang