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Modern graphs are both large and dynamic, presenting significant challenges for fundamental queries, such as the Single-Source Shortest Path (SSSP) problem. Naively recomputing the SSSP tree after each topology change is prohibitively…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Parshan Javanrood , Matei Ripeanu

A dynamic graph algorithm is a data structure that answers queries about a property of the current graph while supporting graph modifications such as edge insertions and deletions. Prior work has shown strong conditional lower bounds for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Monika Henzinger , Ami Paz , A. R. Sricharan

We study the decremental All-Pairs Shortest Paths (APSP) problem in undirected edge-weighted graphs. The input to the problem is an $n$-vertex $m$-edge graph $G$ with non-negative edge lengths, that undergoes a sequence of edge deletions.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Julia Chuzhoy

We study the exact fully dynamic shortest paths problem. For real-weighted directed graphs, we show a deterministic fully dynamic data structure with $\tilde{O}(mn^{4/5})$ worst-case update time processing arbitrary $s,t$-distance queries…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Adam Karczmarz , Piotr Sankowski

Given a directed weighted graph $G=(V,E)$ undergoing vertex insertions \emph{and} deletions, the All-Pairs Shortest Paths (APSP) problem asks to maintain a data structure that processes updates efficiently and returns after each update the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Maximilian Probst Gutenberg , Christian Wulff-Nilsen

We give a fully dynamic deterministic algorithm for maintaining a maximal matching of an $n$-vertex graph in $\tilde{O}(n^{8/9})$ amortized update time. This breaks the long-standing $\Omega(n)$-update-time barrier on dense graphs,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Aaron Bernstein , Sayan Bhattacharya , Peter Kiss , Thatchaphol Saranurak

We introduce a notion for hierarchical graph clustering which we call the expander hierarchy and show a fully dynamic algorithm for maintaining such a hierarchy on a graph with $n$ vertices undergoing edge insertions and deletions using…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Gramoz Goranci , Harald Räcke , Thatchaphol Saranurak , Zihan Tan

We give two fully dynamic algorithms that maintain a $(1+\varepsilon)$-approximation of the weight $M$ of a minimum spanning forest (MSF) of an $n$-node graph $G$ with edges weights in $[1,W]$, for any $\varepsilon>0$. (1) Our deterministic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Monika Henzinger , Pan Peng

We provide the first deterministic data structure that given a weighted undirected graph undergoing edge insertions, processes each update with polylogarithmic amortized update time and answers queries for the distance between any pair of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Sebastian Forster , Yasamin Nazari , Maximilian Probst Gutenberg

We consider the directed minimum weight cycle problem in the fully dynamic setting. To the best of our knowledge, so far no fully dynamic algorithms have been designed specifically for the minimum weight cycle problem in general digraphs.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Adam Karczmarz

We introduce stronger notions for approximate single-source shortest-path distances, show how to efficiently compute them from weaker standard notions, and demonstrate the algorithmic power of these new notions and transformations. One…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Václav Rozhoň , Bernhard Haeupler , Anders Martinsson , Christoph Grunau , Goran Zuzic

We give new partially-dynamic algorithms for the all-pairs shortest paths problem in weighted directed graphs. Most importantly, we give a new deterministic incremental algorithm for the problem that handles updates in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Adam Karczmarz , Jakub Łącki

A maximal matching can be maintained in fully dynamic (supporting both addition and deletion of edges) $n$-vertex graphs using a trivial deterministic algorithm with a worst-case update time of O(n). No deterministic algorithm that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-02-19 Ofer Neiman , Shay Solomon

Depth first search (DFS) tree is a fundamental data structure for solving graph problems. The classical algorithm [SiComp74] for building a DFS tree requires $O(m+n)$ time for a given graph $G$ having $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. Recently,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Shahbaz Khan

We consider dynamic algorithms for maintaining Single-Source Reachability (SSR) and approximate Single-Source Shortest Paths (SSSP) on $n$-node $m$-edge directed graphs under edge deletions (decremental algorithms). The previous fastest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Monika Henzinger , Sebastian Krinninger , Danupon Nanongkai

We present a low-energy deterministic distributed algorithm that computes exact Single-Source Shortest Paths (SSSP) in near-optimal time: it runs in $\tilde{O}(n)$ rounds and each node is awake during only $poly(\log n)$ rounds. When a node…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Mohsen Ghaffari , Anton Trygub

We give the first fully dynamic algorithm which maintains a $(1-\epsilon)$-approximate densest subgraph in worst-case time $\text{poly}(\log n, \epsilon^{-1})$ per update. Dense subgraph discovery is an important primitive for many…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Saurabh Sawlani , Junxing Wang

We present an algorithm for a fault tolerant Depth First Search (DFS) Tree in an undirected graph. This algorithm is drastically simpler than the current state-of-the-art algorithms for this problem, uses optimal space and optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-28 Surender Baswana , Shiv Kumar Gupta , Ayush Tulsyan

We present a general framework of designing efficient dynamic approximate algorithms for optimization on undirected graphs. In particular, we develop a technique that, given any problem that admits a certain notion of vertex sparsifiers,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Li Chen , Gramoz Goranci , Monika Henzinger , Richard Peng , Thatchaphol Saranurak

We consider the classical Minimum Balanced Cut problem: given a graph $G$, compute a partition of its vertices into two subsets of roughly equal volume, while minimizing the number of edges connecting the subsets. We present the first {\em…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Julia Chuzhoy , Yu Gao , Jason Li , Danupon Nanongkai , Richard Peng , Thatchaphol Saranurak