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The quantification of uncertainty is important for the adoption of machine learning, especially to reject out-of-distribution (OOD) data back to human experts for review. Yet progress has been slow, as a balance must be struck between…

Segmentation tasks in medical imaging are inherently ambiguous: the boundary of a target structure is oftentimes unclear due to image quality and biological factors. As such, predicted segmentations from deep learning algorithms are…

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method of recording brain activity that shows significant promise in applications ranging from disease classification to emotion detection and brain-computer interfaces. Recent advances in deep learning…

Dropout is conventionally used during the training phase as regularization method and for quantifying uncertainty in deep learning. We propose to use dropout during training as well as inference steps, and average multiple predictions to…

The precision of contouring target structures and organs-at-risk (OAR) in radiotherapy planning is crucial for ensuring treatment efficacy and patient safety. Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have significantly improved OAR…

A model's ability to express its own predictive uncertainty is an essential attribute for maintaining clinical user confidence as computational biomarkers are deployed into real-world medical settings. In the domain of cancer digital…

Uncertainty quantification in inverse medical imaging tasks with deep learning has received little attention. However, deep models trained on large data sets tend to hallucinate and create artifacts in the reconstructed output that are not…

Quantifying aleatoric uncertainty in medical image segmentation is critical since it is a reflection of the natural variability observed among expert annotators. A conventional approach is to model the segmentation distribution using the…

Semi-supervised learning has made significant strides in the medical domain since it alleviates the heavy burden of collecting abundant pixel-wise annotated data for semantic segmentation tasks. Existing semi-supervised approaches enhance…

In terms of accuracy, deep learning (DL) models have had considerable success in classification problems for medical imaging applications. However, it is well-known that the outputs of such models, which typically utilise the SoftMax…

Deep Learning sets the state-of-the-art in many challenging tasks showing outstanding performance in a broad range of applications. Despite its success, it still lacks robustness hindering its adoption in medical applications. Modeling…

The use of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models in risk-based decision-making has attracted extensive attention with broad applications in medical, finance, manufacturing, and quality control. To mitigate prediction-related risks in decision…

This paper questions the effectiveness of a modern predictive uncertainty quantification approach, called \emph{evidential deep learning} (EDL), in which a single neural network model is trained to learn a meta distribution over the…

Quantifying uncertainty is important for actionable predictions in real-world applications. A crucial part of predictive uncertainty quantification is the estimation of epistemic uncertainty, which is defined as an integral of the product…

In real-world clinical settings, data distributions evolve over time, with a continuous influx of new, limited disease cases. Therefore, class incremental learning is of great significance, i.e., deep learning models are required to learn…

Popular approaches for quantifying predictive uncertainty in deep neural networks often involve distributions over weights or multiple models, for instance via Markov Chain sampling, ensembling, or Monte Carlo dropout. These techniques…

Deep learning models have gained increasing adoption in medical image analysis. However, these models often produce overconfident predictions, which can compromise clinical accuracy and reliability. Bridging the gap between high-performance…

Knowing the uncertainty associated with the output of a deep neural network is of paramount importance in making trustworthy decisions, particularly in high-stakes fields like medical diagnosis and autonomous systems. Monte Carlo Dropout…

In this work, we have concentrated our efforts on the interpretability of classification results coming from a fully convolutional neural network. Motivated by the classification of oesophageal tissue for real-time detection of early…

Deep learning has emerged as a technique of choice for rapid feature extraction across imaging disciplines, allowing rapid conversion of the data streams to spatial or spatiotemporal arrays of features of interest. However, applications of…