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Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on massive corpora have shown remarkable success in knowledge-intensive tasks. Yet, most of them rely on pre-stored knowledge. Inducing new general knowledge from a specific environment and performing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Xiaojuan Tang , Jiaqi Li , Yitao Liang , Song-chun Zhu , Muhan Zhang , Zilong Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) have proven their remarkable versatility in handling a comprehensive range of language-centric applications. To expand LLMs' capabilities to a broader spectrum of modal inputs, multimodal large language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Qiang Zhou , Zhibin Wang , Wei Chu , Yinghui Xu , Hao Li , Yuan Qi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become pivotal in addressing reasoning tasks across diverse domains, including arithmetic, commonsense, and symbolic reasoning. They utilize prompting techniques such as Exploration-of-Thought,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Zangir Iklassov , Yali Du , Farkhad Akimov , Martin Takac

To fully leverage the capabilities of mobile manipulation robots, it is imperative that they are able to autonomously execute long-horizon tasks in large unexplored environments. While large language models (LLMs) have shown emergent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Daniel Honerkamp , Martin Büchner , Fabien Despinoy , Tim Welschehold , Abhinav Valada

Acquiring complex behaviors is essential for artificially intelligent agents, yet learning these behaviors in high-dimensional settings poses a significant challenge due to the vast search space. Traditional reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Mert Albaba , Sammy Christen , Thomas Langarek , Christoph Gebhardt , Otmar Hilliges , Michael J. Black

Latent learning, classically theorized by Tolman, shows that biological agents (e.g., rats) can acquire internal representations of their environment without rewards, enabling rapid adaptation once rewards are introduced. In contrast, from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jian Xiong , Jingbo Zhou , Zihan Zhou , Yixiong Xiao , Le Zhang , Jingyong Ye , Rui Qian , Yang Zhou , Dejing Dou

We show that iterative deployment of large language models (LLMs), each fine-tuned on data carefully curated by users from the previous models' deployment, can significantly change the properties of the resultant models. By testing this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Augusto B. Corrêa , Yoav Gelberg , Luckeciano C. Melo , Ilia Shumailov , André G. Pereira , Yarin Gal

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their ability to learn in-context, allowing them to perform various tasks based on a few input-output examples. However, the effectiveness of in-context learning is heavily reliant on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Furu Wei

In-context learning (ICL) has proven to be a significant capability with the advancement of Large Language models (LLMs). By instructing LLMs using few-shot demonstrative examples, ICL enables them to perform a wide range of tasks without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Quanyu Long , Jianda Chen , Wenya Wang , Sinno Jialin Pan

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely integrated into information retrieval to advance traditional techniques. However, effectively enabling LLMs to seek accurate knowledge in complex tasks remains a challenge due to the complexity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhengliang Shi , Lingyong Yan , Dawei Yin , Suzan Verberne , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Exploring rich environments and evaluating one's actions without prior knowledge is immensely challenging. In this paper, we propose Motif, a general method to interface such prior knowledge from a Large Language Model (LLM) with an agent.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Martin Klissarov , Pierluca D'Oro , Shagun Sodhani , Roberta Raileanu , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Pascal Vincent , Amy Zhang , Mikael Henaff

Navigating and understanding complex and unknown environments autonomously demands more than just basic perception and movement from embodied agents. Truly effective exploration requires agents to possess higher-level cognitive abilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Abdel Hakim Drid , Vincenzo Suriani , Daniele Nardi , Abderrezzak Debilou

This work presents an analytical framework for the design and analysis of LLM-based algorithms, i.e., algorithms that contain one or multiple calls of large language models (LLMs) as sub-routines and critically rely on the capabilities of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yanxi Chen , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Algorithmic trading requires short-term tactical decisions consistent with long-term financial objectives. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been applied to such problems, but adoption is limited by myopic behaviour and opaque policies. Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Adam Darmanin , Vince Vella

Reinforcement learning has been successful in many tasks ranging from robotic control, games, energy management etc. In complex real world environments with sparse rewards and long task horizons, sample efficiency is still a major…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Bharat Prakash , Nicholas Waytowich , Tim Oates , Tinoosh Mohsenin

Designing effective auxiliary rewards for cooperative multi-agent systems remains challenging, as misaligned incentives can induce suboptimal coordination, particularly when sparse task rewards provide insufficient grounding for coordinated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Dogan Urgun , Gokhan Gungor

In robot manipulation, Reinforcement Learning (RL) often suffers from low sample efficiency and uncertain convergence, especially in large observation and action spaces. Foundation Models (FMs) offer an alternative, demonstrating promise in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Runyu Ma , Jelle Luijkx , Zlatan Ajanovic , Jens Kober

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) creates an exciting potential for flexible, general knowledge-driven Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) systems for assistive robots. Existing HRI systems demonstrate great progress in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Jens V. Rüppel , Andrey Rudenko , Tim Schreiter , Martin Magnusson , Achim J. Lilienthal

The reinforcement learning (RL) research area is very active, with an important number of new contributions; especially considering the emergent field of deep RL (DRL). However a number of scientific and technical challenges still need to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Arthur Aubret , Laetitia Matignon , Salima Hassas

When cast into the Deep Reinforcement Learning framework, many robotics tasks require solving a long horizon and sparse reward problem, where learning algorithms struggle. In such context, Imitation Learning (IL) can be a powerful approach…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Alexandre Chenu , Nicolas Perrin-Gilbert , Olivier Sigaud