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As the field of Large Language Models (LLMs) evolves at an accelerated pace, the critical need to assess and monitor their performance emerges. We introduce a benchmarking framework focused on knowledge graph engineering (KGE) accompanied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Lars-Peter Meyer , Johannes Frey , Kurt Junghanns , Felix Brei , Kirill Bulert , Sabine Gründer-Fahrer , Michael Martin

Knowledge graphs have emerged as a popular method for injecting up-to-date, factual knowledge into large language models (LLMs). This is typically achieved by converting the knowledge graph into text that the LLM can process in context.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Elan Markowitz , Krupa Galiya , Greg Ver Steeg , Aram Galstyan

This paper presents a principled and scalable framework for systematically generating complex Question Answering (QA) data. In the core of this framework is a graphlet-anchored generation process, where small subgraphs from a Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Richard A. A. Jonker , Bárbara Maria Ribeiro de Abreu Martins , Sérgio Matos

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) challenges models to bridge the gap between natural language and strict knowledge graph schemas by generating executable logical forms. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced this field,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xin Sun , Zhongqi Chen , Xing Zheng , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Bowen Song , Zilei Wang , Weiqiang Wang , Liang Wang

Question answering (QA) requires accurately aligning user questions with structured queries, a process often limited by the scarcity of high-quality query-natural language (Q-NL) pairs. To overcome this, we present Q-NL Verifier, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tim Schwabe , Louisa Siebel , Patrik Valach , Maribel Acosta

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in many natural language processing tasks but often exhibit factual inconsistencies in knowledge-intensive settings. Integrating external knowledge resources, particularly knowledge graphs (KGs), provides…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shuai Wang , Yinan Yu

Existing KBQA methods have traditionally relied on multi-stage methodologies, involving tasks such as entity linking, subgraph retrieval and query structure generation. However, multi-stage approaches are dependent on the accuracy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jaebok Lee , Hyeonjeong Shin

While conversing with chatbots, humans typically tend to ask many questions, a significant portion of which can be answered by referring to large-scale knowledge graphs (KG). While Question Answering (QA) and dialog systems have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Amrita Saha , Vardaan Pahuja , Mitesh M. Khapra , Karthik Sankaranarayanan , Sarath Chandar

Given varying prompts regarding a factoid question, can a large language model (LLM) reliably generate factually correct answers? Existing LLMs may generate distinct responses for different prompts. In this paper, we study the problem of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Qingxiu Dong , Jingjing Xu , Lingpeng Kong , Zhifang Sui , Lei Li

Answering questions over domain-specific graphs requires a tailored approach due to the limited number of relations and the specific nature of the domain. Our approach integrates classic logical programming languages into large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Navid Madani , Rohini K. Srihari , Kenneth Joseph

Advancements in natural language processing have revolutionized the way we can interact with digital information systems, such as databases, making them more accessible. However, challenges persist, especially when accuracy is critical, as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Larissa Pusch , Tim O. F. Conrad

Knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) involves answering natural language questions by leveraging structured information stored in a knowledge graph. Typically, KGQA initially retrieve a targeted subgraph from a large-scale knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yu Zhang , Kehai Chen , Xuefeng Bai , zhao kang , Quanjiang Guo , Min Zhang

In recent years, querying semantic web data using SPARQL has remained challenging, especially for non-expert users, due to the language's complex syntax and the prerequisite of understanding intricate data structures. To address these…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xiangru Jian , Zhengyuan Dong , M. Tamer Özsu

Large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for constructing knowledge graphs (KGs) from unstructured clinical narratives. However, existing approaches often rely on structured inputs and lack robust validation of factual accuracy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Udiptaman Das , Krishnasai B. Atmakuri , Duy Ho , Chi Lee , Yugyung Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly advanced knowledge graph question answering (KGQA), yet existing systems are typically optimized for returning highly relevant but predictable answers. A missing yet desired capacity is to exploit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mengying Wang , Chenhui Ma , Ao Jiao , Tuo Liang , Pengjun Lu , Shrinidhi Hegde , Yu Yin , Evren Gurkan-Cavusoglu , Yinghui Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in many real-world applications. Nonetheless, LLMs are often criticized for their tendency to produce hallucinations, wherein the models fabricate incorrect statements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Qinggang Zhang , Junnan Dong , Hao Chen , Daochen Zha , Zailiang Yu , Xiao Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive generation capabilities, but they suffer from hallucinations when solely relying on their internal knowledge, especially when answering questions that require less commonly known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Yao Wan , Philip S. Yu , Shafiq Joty , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

The main task of the KGQA system (Knowledge Graph Question Answering) is to convert user input questions into query syntax (such as SPARQL). With the rise of modern popular encoders and decoders like Transformer and ConvS2S, many scholars…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yi-Hui Chen , Eric Jui-Lin Lu , Kwan-Ho Cheng

The goal of Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs (KGQA) is to find answers for natural language questions over a knowledge graph. Recent KGQA approaches adopt a neural machine translation (NMT) approach, where the natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Daniel Diomedi , Aidan Hogan

Most existing Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) approaches are designed for a specific KG, such as Wikidata, DBpedia or Freebase. Due to the heterogeneity of the underlying graph schema, topology and assertions, most KGQA systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Longquan Jiang , Junbo Huang , Cedric Möller , Ricardo Usbeck