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Counterfactual Explanations (CE) face several unresolved challenges, such as ensuring stability, synthesizing multiple CEs, and providing plausibility and sparsity guarantees. From a more practical point of view, recent studies [Pawelczyk…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-19 Salim I. Amoukou , Nicolas J. B Brunel

Fairness in predictions is of direct importance in practice due to legal, ethical, and societal reasons. This is often accomplished through counterfactual fairness, which ensures that the prediction for an individual is the same as that in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yuchen Ma , Valentyn Melnychuk , Dennis Frauen , Stefan Feuerriegel

Estimating the innovation probability density is an important issue in any regression analysis. This paper focuses on functional autoregressive models. A residual-based kernel estimator is proposed for the innovation density. Asymptotic…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-05-07 Nadine Hilgert , Bruno Portier

In a large class of statistical inverse problems it is necessary to suppose that the transformation that is inverted is known. Although, in many applications, it is unrealistic to make this assumption, the problem is often insoluble without…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Aurore Delaigle , Peter Hall , Alexander Meister

Counterfactual reasoning, a cornerstone of human cognition and decision-making, is often seen as the 'holy grail' of causal learning, with applications ranging from interpreting machine learning models to promoting algorithmic fairness.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Yahya Aalaila , Gerrit Großmann , Sumantrak Mukherjee , Jonas Wahl , Sebastian Vollmer

Estimating the ratio of two probability densities from finitely many samples, is a central task in machine learning and statistics. In this work, we show that a large class of kernel methods for density ratio estimation suffers from error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Lukas Gruber , Markus Holzleitner , Johannes Lehner , Sepp Hochreiter , Werner Zellinger

When the network is reconstructed, two types of errors can occur: false positive and false negative errors about the presence or absence of links. In this paper, the influence of these two errors on the vertex degree distribution is…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-08-29 Gloria Cecchini , Bjoern Schelter

We develop a kernel projected Wasserstein distance for the two-sample test, an essential building block in statistics and machine learning: given two sets of samples, to determine whether they are from the same distribution. This method…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-10 Jie Wang , Rui Gao , Yao Xie

Despite their high accuracies, modern complex image classifiers cannot be trusted for sensitive tasks due to their unknown decision-making process and potential biases. Counterfactual explanations are very effective in providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Kamran Alipour , Aditya Lahiri , Ehsan Adeli , Babak Salimi , Michael Pazzani

I propose kernel ridge regression estimators for nonparametric dose response curves and semiparametric treatment effects in the setting where an analyst has access to a selected sample rather than a random sample; only for select…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-08-24 Rahul Singh

We consider after-study statistical inference for sequentially designed experiments wherein multiple units are assigned treatments for multiple time points using treatment policies that adapt over time. Our goal is to provide inference…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Raaz Dwivedi , Katherine Tian , Sabina Tomkins , Predrag Klasnja , Susan Murphy , Devavrat Shah

Stein importance sampling is a widely applicable technique based on kernelized Stein discrepancy, which corrects the output of approximate sampling algorithms by reweighting the empirical distribution of the samples. A general analysis of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-14 Liam Hodgkinson , Robert Salomone , Fred Roosta

Counterfactual explanations have been a popular method of post-hoc explainability for a variety of settings in Machine Learning. Such methods focus on explaining classifiers by generating new data points that are similar to a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Joshua Nathaniel Williams , Anurag Katakkar , Hoda Heidari , J. Zico Kolter

The paper introduces a new kernel-based Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) statistic for measuring the distance between two distributions given finitely-many multivariate samples. When the distributions are locally low-dimensional, the proposed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-03 Xiuyuan Cheng , Alexander Cloninger , Ronald R. Coifman

A kernel based procedure for correcting experimental data for distortions due to the finite resolution and limited detector acceptance is presented. The unfolding problem is known to be an ill-posed problem that can not be solved without…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-09-19 N. D. Gagunashvili , M. Schmelling

We estimate the derivative of a probability density function defined on $[0,\infty)$. For this purpose, we choose the class of kernel estimators with asymmetric gamma kernel functions. The use of gamma kernels is fruitful due to the fact…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-10 L. A. Markovich

When outcomes are missing for reasons beyond an investigator's control, there are two different ways to adjust a parameter estimate for covariates that may be related both to the outcome and to missingness. One approach is to model the…

Methodology · Statistics 2008-12-18 Joseph D. Y. Kang , Joseph L. Schafer

We present a local density estimator based on first order statistics. To estimate the density at a point, $x$, the original sample is divided into subsets and the average minimum sample distance to $x$ over all such subsets is used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-12-10 Vikram V. Garg , Luis Tenorio , Karen Willcox

Causal approaches to fairness have seen substantial recent interest, both from the machine learning community and from wider parties interested in ethical prediction algorithms. In no small part, this has been due to the fact that causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-17 Niki Kilbertus , Philip J. Ball , Matt J. Kusner , Adrian Weller , Ricardo Silva

The density function of the limiting spectral distribution of general sample covariance matrices is usually unknown. We propose to use kernel estimators which are proved to be consistent. A simulation study is also conducted to show the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-15 Bing-Yi Jing , Guangming Pan , Qi-Man Shao , Wang Zhou