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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation, capable of tackling complex tasks during inference. However, the extent to which LLMs can be utilized for code checking or debugging through test…

Current approaches to program synthesis with Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a "near miss syndrome": they tend to generate programs that semantically resemble the correct answer (as measured by text similarity metrics or human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Vadim Liventsev , Anastasiia Grishina , Aki Härmä , Leon Moonen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in automated code generation. While effective for mainstream languages, they may underperform on less common or domain-specific languages, prompting companies to develop…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Giuseppe Crupi , Rosalia Tufano , Gabriele Bavota

In feedback generation for logical errors in programming assignments, large language model (LLM)-based methods have shown great promise. These methods ask the LLM to generate feedback given the problem statement and a student's (buggy)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Hasnain Heickal , Andrew Lan

Formal specification generation has recently drawn attention in software engineering as a way to improve program correctness without requiring manual annotations. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in this area, but early…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ragib Shahariar Ayon , Shibbir Ahmed

We describe test code generation using Large Language Models (LLMs) in Ericsson. Our input is a test step in natural language (English) and our output is code (Java) which accomplishes the test step. We describe how straight forward…

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Background and Context: Over the past year, large language models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm. In computing education, like in other walks of life, many opportunities and threats have emerged as a consequence. Objectives: In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen , Sami Sarsa , Charles Koutcheme , Lilja Kujanpää , Juha Sorva

As large language models (LLMs) play an increasingly important role in code generation, enhancing both correctness and efficiency has become crucial. Current methods primarily focus on correctness, often overlooking efficiency. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Dong Huang , Guangtao Zeng , Jianbo Dai , Meng Luo , Han Weng , Yuhao Qing , Heming Cui , Zhijiang Guo , Jie M. Zhang

Code Large Language Models (CLLMs) have exhibited outstanding performance in program synthesis, attracting the focus of the research community. The evaluation of CLLM's program synthesis capability has generally relied on manually curated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Longtian Wang , Tianlin Li , Xiaofei Xie , Yuhan Zhi , Jian Wang , Chao Shen

Code generation is one of the tasks for which the use of Large Language Models is widely adopted and highly successful. Given this popularity, there are many benchmarks dedicated to code generation that can help select the best model.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joanna Szych , Anne Schwerk

Large Language Models (LLMs) have already become quite proficient at solving simpler programming tasks like those in HumanEval or MBPP benchmarks. However, solving more complex and competitive programming tasks is still quite challenging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Hung Le , Hailin Chen , Amrita Saha , Akash Gokul , Doyen Sahoo , Shafiq Joty

Commit Message Generation (CMG) approaches aim to automatically generate commit messages based on given code diffs, which facilitate collaboration among developers and play a critical role in Open-Source Software (OSS). Very recently, Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Pengyu Xue , Linhao Wu , Zhongxing Yu , Zhi Jin , Zhen Yang , Xinyi Li , Zhenyu Yang , Yue Tan

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced various applications on software engineering tasks, particularly in code generation. Despite the promising performance, LLMs are prone to generate hallucinations, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Fang Liu , Yang Liu , Lin Shi , Zhen Yang , Li Zhang , Xiaoli Lian , Zhongqi Li , Yuchi Ma

Software specifications are essential for many Software Engineering (SE) tasks such as bug detection and test generation. Many existing approaches are proposed to extract the specifications defined in natural language form (e.g., comments)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Danning Xie , Byungwoo Yoo , Nan Jiang , Mijung Kim , Lin Tan , Xiangyu Zhang , Judy S. Lee

Recent research explores optimization using large language models (LLMs) by either iteratively seeking next-step solutions from LLMs or directly prompting LLMs for an optimizer. However, these approaches exhibit inherent limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Jiacheng Chen , Guojun Peng , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable capabilities in code generation. Despite significant achievements, they rely on enormous training data to acquire a broad spectrum of open-domain knowledge. Besides, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xiaodong Gu , Meng Chen , Yalan Lin , Yuhan Hu , Hongyu Zhang , Chengcheng Wan , Zhao Wei , Yong Xu , Juhong Wang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities to generate accurate code snippets given natural language intents in a zero-shot manner, i.e., without the need for specific fine-tuning. While prior studies have highlighted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Martin Weyssow , Xin Zhou , Kisub Kim , David Lo , Houari Sahraoui

Context: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to generate program code. Much research has been reported on the functional correctness of generated code, but there is far less on code quality. Objectives: In this study,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in commercial code completion engines, significantly enhancing coding efficiency and productivity. However, LLMs may generate code with quality issues that violate coding standards and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yuan Jiang , Yujian Zhang , Liang Lu , Christoph Treude , Xiaohong Su , Shan Huang , Tiantian Wang