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Natural data is often organized as a hierarchical composition of features. How many samples do generative models need in order to learn the composition rules, so as to produce a combinatorially large number of novel data? What signal in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-05 Alessandro Favero , Antonio Sclocchi , Francesco Cagnetta , Pascal Frossard , Matthieu Wyart

This paper is about the problem of learning a stochastic policy for generating an object (like a molecular graph) from a sequence of actions, such that the probability of generating an object is proportional to a given positive reward for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Emmanuel Bengio , Moksh Jain , Maksym Korablyov , Doina Precup , Yoshua Bengio

Large text-guided diffusion models, such as DALLE-2, are able to generate stunning photorealistic images given natural language descriptions. While such models are highly flexible, they struggle to understand the composition of certain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Nan Liu , Shuang Li , Yilun Du , Antonio Torralba , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Generative models have demonstrated remarkable abilities in generating high-fidelity visual content. In this work, we explore how generative models can further be used not only to synthesize visual content but also to understand the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yanbo Wang , Justin Dauwels , Yilun Du

The performance of sensor arrays in sensing and wireless communications improves with more elements, but this comes at the cost of increased energy consumption and hardware expense. This work addresses the challenge of selecting $k$ sensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Spilios Evmorfos , Zhaoyi Xu , Athina Petropulu

Diffusion models excel at short-horizon robot planning, yet scaling them to long-horizon tasks remains challenging due to computational constraints and limited training data. Existing compositional approaches stitch together short segments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yixin Zhang , Yunhao Luo , Utkarsh Aashu Mishra , Woo Chul Shin , Yongxin Chen , Danfei Xu

Advanced diffusion models like RPG, Stable Diffusion 3 and FLUX have made notable strides in compositional text-to-image generation. However, these methods typically exhibit distinct strengths for compositional generation, with some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Xinchen Zhang , Ling Yang , Guohao Li , Yaqi Cai , Jiake Xie , Yong Tang , Yujiu Yang , Mengdi Wang , Bin Cui

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are a method for learning a stochastic policy for generating compositional objects, such as graphs or strings, from a given unnormalized density by sequences of actions, where many possible action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Nikolay Malkin , Moksh Jain , Emmanuel Bengio , Chen Sun , Yoshua Bengio

We present BlenderFusion, a generative visual compositing framework that synthesizes new scenes by recomposing objects, camera, and background. It follows a layering-editing-compositing pipeline: (i) segmenting and converting visual inputs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiacheng Chen , Ramin Mehran , Xuhui Jia , Saining Xie , Sanghyun Woo

Recent advances in generative modeling, namely Diffusion models, have revolutionized generative modeling, enabling high-quality image generation tailored to user needs. This paper proposes a framework for the generative design of structural…

Generative models for image generation are now commonly used for a wide variety of applications, ranging from guided image generation for entertainment to solving inverse problems. Nonetheless, training a generator is a non-trivial feat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Eldad Haber , Shadab Ahamed , Md. Shahriar Rahim Siddiqui , Niloufar Zakariaei , Moshe Eliasof

We study the theoretical foundations of composition in diffusion models, with a particular focus on out-of-distribution extrapolation and length-generalization. Prior work has shown that composing distributions via linear score combination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Arwen Bradley , Preetum Nakkiran , David Berthelot , James Thornton , Joshua M. Susskind

In this work, we propose a composition/decomposition framework for adversarially training generative models on composed data - data where each sample can be thought of as being constructed from a fixed number of components. In our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Yeu-Chern Harn , Zhenghao Chen , Vladimir Jojic

Diffusion and flow-based models have become the state of the art for generative AI across a wide range of data modalities, including images, videos, shapes, molecules, music, and more. This tutorial provides a self-contained introduction to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Peter Holderrieth , Ezra Erives

We propose Generative Probabilistic Image Colorization, a diffusion-based generative process that trains a sequence of probabilistic models to reverse each step of noise corruption. Given a line-drawing image as input, our method suggests…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Chie Furusawa , Shinya Kitaoka , Michael Li , Yuri Odagiri

As a key component of power system production simulation, load forecasting is critical for the stable operation of power systems. Machine learning methods prevail in this field. However, the limited training data can be a challenge. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-18 Linna Xu , Yongli Zhu

In materials science, the challenge of rapid prototyping materials with desired properties often involves extensive experimentation to find suitable microstructures. Additionally, finding microstructures for given properties is typically an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Sébastien Bompas , Stefan Sandfeld

Ensemble weather forecasts based on multiple runs of numerical weather prediction models typically show systematic errors and require post-processing to obtain reliable forecasts. Accurately modeling multivariate dependencies is crucial in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Jieyu Chen , Tim Janke , Florian Steinke , Sebastian Lerch

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are powerful samplers for compositional objects that, by design, sample proportionally to a given non-negative reward. Nonetheless, in practice, they often struggle to explore the reward landscape…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Pedro Dall'Antonia , Tiago da Silva , Daniel Augusto de Souza , César Lincoln C. Mattos , Diego Mesquita

Diffusion models are a class of generative models that have demonstrated remarkable success in tasks such as image generation. However, one of the bottlenecks of these models is slow sampling due to the delay before the onset of trajectory…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-25 Li Cunzhi , Louis Kang , Hideaki Shimazaki