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Deep Learning is emerging as an effective technique to detect sophisticated cyber-attacks targeting Industrial Control Systems (ICSs). The conventional approach to detection in literature is to learn the "normal" behaviour of the system, to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Maged Abdelaty , Roberto Doriguzzi-Corin , Domenico Siracusa

Digital twins (DTs) are increasingly used to monitor and secure Industrial Control Systems (ICS), yet detecting stealthy False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) that manipulate system states within normal physical bounds remains challenging.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Inda Kreso , Mehran Tarif , Fatemeh Moradi , Iman Khazrak , Mostafa M Rezaee , Mohammadhossein Homaei

Today's Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are large, complex, and affixed with networked sensors and actuators that are targets for cyber-attacks. Conventional detection techniques are unable to deal with the increasingly dynamic and complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Dan Li , Dacheng Chen , Jonathan Goh , See-kiong Ng

Anomaly detection in images plays a significant role for many applications across all industries, such as disease diagnosis in healthcare or quality assurance in manufacturing. Manual inspection of images, when extended over a monotonously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Vincent Wilmet , Sauraj Verma , Tabea Redl , Håkon Sandaker , Zhenning Li

Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) has been a research hotspot in both academia and industry in recent years. Deep learning methods have become the mainstream research direction due to their excellent performance. However, new viewpoints…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Pengyu Li , Zhijie Zhong , Tong Zhang , Zhiwen Yu , C. L. Philip Chen , Kaixiang Yang

Deep neural networks are known to be vulnerable to unseen data: they may wrongly assign high confidence stcores to out-distribuion samples. Recent works try to solve the problem using representation learning methods and specific metrics. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Haowei He , Jiaye Teng , Yang Yuan

Cardiac arrest is one of the biggest global health problems, and early identification and management are key to enhancing the patient's prognosis. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that combines an EfficientNet-based deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Qasim Zia , Avais Jan , Zafar Iqbal , Muhammad Mumtaz Ali , Mukarram Ali , Murray Patterson

The growing complexity of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and challenges in ensuring safety and security have led to the increasing use of deep learning methods for accurate and scalable anomaly detection. However, machine learning (ML) models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Xugui Zhou , Maxfield Kouzel , Homa Alemzadeh

Learning to detect real-world anomalous events through video-level labels is a challenging task due to the rare occurrence of anomalies as well as noise in the labels. In this work, we propose a weakly supervised anomaly detection method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Muhammad Zaigham Zaheer , Arif Mahmood , Marcella Astrid , Seung-Ik Lee

Continual Learning (CL) methods have traditionally focused on mitigating catastrophic forgetting through gradient-based retraining, an approach ill-suited for deployed agents that must adapt in real time. We introduce our Adaptive Teaching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Aman Jaglan , Jarrod Barnes

Anomaly detection on attributed networks attracts considerable research interests due to wide applications of attributed networks in modeling a wide range of complex systems. Recently, the deep learning-based anomaly detection methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Yixin Liu , Zhao Li , Shirui Pan , Chen Gong , Chuan Zhou , George Karypis

In this study, we focus on the impact of adversarial attacks on deep learning-based anomaly detection in CPS networks and implement a mitigation approach against the attack by retraining models using adversarial samples. We use the Bot-IoT…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Zahra Jadidi , Shantanu Pal , Nithesh Nayak K , Arawinkumaar Selvakkumar , Chih-Chia Chang , Maedeh Beheshti , Alireza Jolfaei

In an increasingly interconnected world, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are essential to critical industries like healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing, merging physical processes with computational intelligence. However, the security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Danial Abshari , Meera Sridhar

International audit standards require the direct assessment of a financial statement's underlying accounting journal entries. Driven by advances in artificial intelligence, deep-learning inspired audit techniques emerged to examine vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Hamed Hemati , Marco Schreyer , Damian Borth

Anomaly Detection is a relevant problem in numerous real-world applications, especially when dealing with images. However, little attention has been paid to the issue of changes over time in the input data distribution, which may cause a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Nikola Bugarin , Jovana Bugaric , Manuel Barusco , Davide Dalle Pezze , Gian Antonio Susto

Anomalies represent deviations from the intended system operation and can lead to decreased efficiency as well as partial or complete system failure. As the causes of anomalies are often unknown due to complex system dynamics, efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Benjamin Lindemann , Benjamin Maschler , Nada Sahlab , Michael Weyrich

Existing cyberattack detection methods for smart grids such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) often suffer from limited adaptability, delayed response, and inadequate coordination in distributed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Mohammad Ashraf Hossain Sadi , Soham Ghosh , Siby Plathottam , Mohd. Hasan Ali

Time series anomaly detection is critical for a wide range of applications. It aims to identify deviant samples from the normal sample distribution in time series. The most fundamental challenge for this task is to learn a representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yiyuan Yang , Chaoli Zhang , Tian Zhou , Qingsong Wen , Liang Sun

Recent advances in AIoT technologies have led to an increasing popularity of utilizing machine learning algorithms to detect operational failures for cyber-physical systems (CPS). In its basic form, an anomaly detection module monitors the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Cheng Feng , Pengwei Tian

Network intrusion detection remains a critical challenge in cybersecurity. While supervised machine learning models achieve state-of-the-art performance, their reliance on large labelled datasets makes them impractical for many real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jack Wilkie , Hanan Hindy , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson